Today, small business is becoming more and more active in the country. But not everyone has the initial capital.

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That is why the only way out in this situation is to take the necessary amount from the bank on credit. Best Choice in this case, it is Sberbank - the conditions for granting credit loans of this bank are quite flexible, there are Special offers for small and medium businesses.

Purpose of the bank loan

The most important thing to do before applying for a loan is to decide on its purpose. Sberbank offers a loan program called Business Start.

It provides two ways to start a business:

• lending according to a standard business plan (this requires the approval of the Partner of the Bank or the franchisor);
• registration of a client as an Individual Entrepreneur or the creation of a Limited Liability Company.

Both options have both their pros and cons. In the first case, having spent a bank loan to open a business, the risks are minimal - the probability of payback is quite high. Since a typical business project has already been “run in”, all the nuances are taken into account and calculated to the smallest detail.

Also, a bank loan can be used to open your own enterprise, absolutely unique. This path is somewhat risky, but you do not have to spend a fairly substantial amount of money to buy a franchise of a well-known brand. In this case, it is necessary to draw up a business plan and submit it credit commission. Only after she is convinced of its profitability and payback, the loan application can be approved.

Loan programs from Sberbank are distinguished by their diversity. So an individual entrepreneur can take out a loan to purchase vehicles (leasing). There are two programs of this type: "Light" (makes initial costs minimal), "Standard" (allows you to make monthly payment as low as possible).

IP requirements and conditions

The conditions for granting an individual entrepreneur loan vary depending on many factors, as well as the program chosen by the businessman. One of the most optimal programs that apply to individual entrepreneurs is "Business Start".

With its help, you can take out loans for doing business on the following conditions:

• provides start-up capital in the amount 80% from the required amount;
• The maximum possible loan amount is 7 million rubles;
• duration of the loan - no more 5 years;
• additional security is not required;
• is provided only for opening a business under a well-known brand (franchise), or according to a standard project (developed by the Bank's Partner).

Regarding the conditions of other banks, Sberbank's loan programs are quite loyal to individual entrepreneurs.

But Sberbank is a rather serious financial structure. Therefore, it seeks to reduce the likelihood of any risks and losses to a minimum. That is why there are certain requirements for IP. And only when they are fulfilled is it possible to issue credit loan on the security of real estate or in the presence of a guarantor.

Particular attention is paid to the following points:

• The age of the borrower who is an individual entrepreneur must not be less than 21 years old and no more 60 years at the time of the last payment. Deviations from these rules are possible, each case is considered by the bank in a special order.
• The borrower himself must have in his hands the original certificate of registration of IP.
• A certificate of tax registration is required.
• More 12 months An individual entrepreneur must exist as a small or medium business.
• Successful activities must be carried out at least 6 months. Otherwise, the probability of loan approval tends to 0%.
• It is desirable to have guarantors or liquid assets.

If the borrower meets all the requirements of the bank, then his application is likely to be approved. There are also significant differences in lending conditions, depending on which business model will be chosen by an individual entrepreneur.

If the business model of the franchisor company is chosen, the loan is provided on the following terms:

• the duration of the loan is 42 months;
• interest rate - 18.5% ;
• the amount of the down payment is not more than 20% ;
• payment of the principal debt begins only after the expiration of 6 months;
• the bank does not charge a commission for issuing a loan (which distinguishes Sberbank from other banks);
• the loan is secured by collateral in the form of property acquired as part of the loan, or by the guarantee of an individual;
• property is subject to mandatory insurance.

Sberbank willingly provides loans for opening Harat`s pubs (the business model of Harat`s franchisor).

Lending on the following terms:

• the interest rate is 18.5% ;
• Loan amount may vary from 3 million rubles up to 7 million rubles;
• loan term can be up to 60 months;
• The amount of the down payment must be at least 40% ;
• Delaying the start of repayment of the principal debt is very beneficial - 12 months.

The typical business plan of the Partner's company is less profitable, but also has some advantages.

Provided under the following conditions:

• loan amount varies between from 100 thousand rubles up to 3 million rubles.;
• maximum loan term 42 months;
• The amount of the down payment must be at least 20% from the amount required to open a business;

There are three options for securing a loan:

• the Bank's Partner is responsible for the borrower;
• the loan is secured by the acquired property;
• responsible for the borrower individual.
• the property acting as collateral must be insured.

How to get a loan from Sberbank IP?

To get a loan from Sberbank, you must first contact the nearest branch of the bank. Bank staff will advise potential borrower tell about their requirements and conditions credit programs, as well as familiarize yourself with the list required documents.

Documentation

First of all, the borrower needs to collect a complete list of documents required for filing an application and processing a loan. You should provide original documents, copies will be made directly at the bank.

To get a loan from Sberbank for an individual entrepreneur, the borrower needs to collect the following package of documents:

• a questionnaire containing all the necessary data;
• passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation (if the borrower is an individual entrepreneur);
• a document confirming the settled relationship between the borrower and the military commissariat to which he is assigned (military ID, registration certificate). The possibility of being called up for military service must be completely excluded;
• a full range of financial documents for individual entrepreneurs.

Quite often, the bank requires some additional package of documents from the guarantor:

• a questionnaire filled with reliable data;
• passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation;
• document confirming temporary registration (if any);
• a military ID or other document confirming the impossibility of conscription for military service;
• certificate of 2NDFL or in the form of a bank confirming income for the last three full months (only if the guarantor is an employee).

The Bank has the right to require the following documents (they are required in some cases):

• a document confirming the approval by the franchisor of the list of assets to be acquired;
• a document confirming the consent of the franchisor to interact with an individual entrepreneur.

These documents are required only in case of organizing a business according to any model provided by the franchisor.

An individual entrepreneur must also provide:

• certificate of registration in tax authority(issued tax service RF);
• if the type of activity of an individual entrepreneur requires a license, it must also be provided in the original;
• original certificate of registration in the state register of IP (EGRIP).

Amount limits

The program from Sberbank called "Business Start" involves a limit on the maximum amount of a loan issued by an individual entrepreneur. It depends on the chosen business model.

There are three programs in total:

1. business model from the franchisor company;
2. business model of Harat`s franchisor company;
3. a typical business plan provided by the Bank's Partner's company.

If an individual entrepreneur has chosen the first option (a business model from a franchisor), then the loan amount may vary within about t 100 thousand rubles. up to 3 million rubles inclusive.

When a borrower wants to open an Irish-style pub (Harat`s Franchisor), the loan amount can range from 3 million rubles up to 7 million rubles.

According to the typical business plan of the Bank's Partner's company, the loan amount is from 100 thousand rubles up to 3 million rubles

Not only the size of the loan amount differs, but also the conditions under which this amount is provided.

Timing

Loan terms vary for different loan programs.

Several factors influence this:

• features of the credit program itself;
• the amount of the amount taken on credit;
• borrower's credit history;
• the purposes for which the loan was taken.

The longest loan term is provided by Sberbank under the Business Start program for opening a Harat`s franchise business - 60 months(which is 5 years). The interest rate is only 18.5%. In addition, this franchise Grace period is 12 months. The terms provided for other business plans are slightly different.

The maximum loan term for starting a business under the Bank's Partner company program is 42 months.

Moreover, the minimum annual interest rate will be 20%.
If a loan is taken by an individual entrepreneur to open a franchise business of a well-known brand, then the loan period will also be 42 months. But annual interest slightly less - the minimum interest rate under this loan program will be approximately 18.5%.

What are the chances?

In Sberbank, a specialized unit called the credit committee deals with the consideration of loan applications. The package of documents required for consideration is being prepared loan officer, after which it is transferred to this division of the bank.

The Credit Committee reviews applications manually and takes into account all factors that may affect the success of the business being opened.

Based on the conclusions made, a positive or negative decision is already being made.

The following points influence the decision of the credit committee most of all:

• credit history (if there are debts to Sberbank or other banks, the probability of approval of the application is zero);
• employment of the entrepreneur and the amount of permanent income;
• the presence in the ownership of any real estate or other property, the value of which is large enough;
• the presence of a guarantor;
• credibility of the business project.

Also, in addition to these factors, there are others that are not dependent on the individual entrepreneur. They are the result of processes occurring within the bank itself.

Reasons for refusal to provide a loan for individual entrepreneurs

Sberbank may refuse to lend if the client seems unreliable to the credit commission for any reason. This may happen because sufficient serious economic justification the liquidity of the business for which a loan is taken to open or expand. That is why you should pay close attention to the presentation of the business plan itself.

It is important to know what individual entrepreneurs Sberbank is somewhat biased.

And there are serious reasons for this - gray accounting and many other features that accompany the activities of businessmen. Therefore, if the bank refuses to issue an individual entrepreneur loan, it is worth a try. Since Sberbank is reluctant to issue loans to entrepreneurs reporting on the USNO and UTII.

Collecting a package of necessary documents is the first step in obtaining any loan. Depending on the chosen bank and their list may vary: some of them are required without fail, others - only when applying for a certain one. At the same time, the borrower's chances of obtaining a particular loan increase significantly if there are some certificates and references in the credit case. What documents you need to provide to obtain a loan, which of them are mandatory and which are not, and how the packages of documents differ in different banks are described below.

Standard set of documents

Regardless of the selected loan product, the manager will provide the borrower with a list of what documents are needed to obtain a loan. The client undertakes to provide the original passport and photocopies of all its pages, which can be certified by the borrower himself, as well as the signature of the bank manager accepting the documents, and the stamp of the credit institution. Additionally, filling out an application for a loan and a questionnaire is required. Some banks offer customers an application form that combines both forms.

List of standard documents for applying for a loan

Most banks give their customers lists of what documents are needed to obtain a consumer loan and which documents are required to obtain a mortgage. As a rule, you will need:

1. A copy of the work book certified by the personnel department or any other document that confirms the employment of the client - a certificate from the employer, a contract, an extract from the work book. Such documents must indicate the place of work, position and length of service. Each page of the document must be certified. Seafarers are required to provide a passport, contracts for the last few years and their official translation into Russian.
2. Income statement. It can be issued in the standard form 2-NDFL or in the form issued by the bank. It is certified by the seal of the employing organization and signed. It should contain information on the amount of income of the borrower for the last six months at least. If, in addition to wages, a bank client has a third-party source of income (from renting out real estate, pensions, etc.), then documents confirming it are provided - such papers can significantly increase the chances of obtaining a loan.
3. Documents that confirm the fact of the presence of a deferment from military service - a military ID, registration certificate and others. Required only if the borrower is under 27 years of age.

Many financial institutions, in addition to the documents listed above, may require additional ones. What documents are needed to obtain a loan additionally - described below.

Additional documents required by the bank

The documents listed below can be prepared not only at the request of a credit institution, but also on the personal initiative of the borrower. Most of these papers can not only confirm the social status of the borrower, but also positively affect the assessment of its solvency. Such documents can be provided to the bank when applying for both a consumer loan and any other loans and loans secured by property - real estate or a vehicle. What documents are needed to obtain a loan additionally?

• Vehicle registration certificate or driver's license.
• Insurance certificate of the pension fund.
• Passport - if available.
• All insurance policies- CASCO, OSAGO, OMS and others.
• Original certificate confirming that the borrower is the owner of the property, or a copy thereof.
• Bank statements, any documents confirming the existence of these accounts or securities.
• Photocopies of papers about the education received: certificates, diplomas, certificates, certificates.
• Account statements, copies of previously issued loan agreements, certificates from credit institutions confirming the absence of debts.
• Copies and originals of birth certificates of children, marriage or divorce.

A credit institution, when applying for a consumer loan aimed at purchasing goods - for example, household appliances - may require the borrower to provide an invoice from the store; when applying for a loan for education - an agreement concluded with an educational institution, and a copy of its license certifying its right to conduct such activities.

Applying for a loan at Sberbank

For getting Money in debt, a potential borrower can apply to one of the most popular banks - Sberbank. What documents are needed to get a loan in it?

If the borrower has never used the services of this credit institution before, then the requirements for him are much stricter than for other clients, and the verification of the received documentation will be carried out many times more carefully.

Required documents

The loan officer must receive the following papers from the borrower:

• An identity document is a passport.
• Employment book, contract with the employer or any document confirming the presence of a permanent place of work.
• The certificate and extract from the USRR are provided by individual entrepreneurs.
• Help 2-NDFL, tax returns with the stamps of the Federal Tax Service.
• Documents confirming an additional source of income - for example, from the rental of real estate or third-party part-time work. Notifying the bank about this will increase the chances of obtaining a loan.
• Men under the age of 27 must provide a military ID in order to prevent delays in loan payments due to military conscription.
• Persons acting as guarantors should not have any debts to credit institutions. In addition, they are required to provide a similar package of documents to the bank manager.

The borrower may, on his own initiative, present to the bank papers confirming his right to own real estate or any other property. Such certificates will confirm the solvency of the client and increase his chances of obtaining a loan.

Getting a loan from Rosselkhozbank

A standard set of papers required for obtaining a loan is available in each bank; Rosselkhozbank is no exception. What documents are required to obtain a loan from this financial institution?

The loan agreement is drawn up after the submission of the following documents:

1. Each person involved in the design of a loan product fills out a questionnaire. The application form can either be taken at the institution or found on the official website of Rosselkhozbank.
2. Identity document. In most cases, a passport is required.
3. An employment contract or book is a paper confirming the employment of the borrower. Such documents are certified no later than one month before the date of application.
4. Certificate 2-NDFL or a similar form issued by the bank and confirming the amount of the borrower's income. If the loan is issued for a pensioner, then it is necessary to present an extract on the accrual of a pension.
5. Military ID.

Listed above are the documents required to obtain a loan. Providing a full package to Rosselkhozbank will help you get a loan and increase your chances of getting it.

Getting a loan from Sovcombank

One of the most successful banks today is Sovcombank. What documents are needed to get a loan in it?

1. Passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation.
2. The second document confirming the identity of the borrower. It can be any paper - a driver's license, a military ID, a medical policy.
3. Tax certificate in the form of 2-NDFL or a special document issued by the bank.
4. Employment contract or work book.

What documents are needed to get a loan for a pensioner?

A pensioner who receives his pension at Sberbank, for example, when applying for a loan, must provide only a passport, since all the necessary package of documents is already stored in a credit institution. If the pension is accrued by one bank, and the loan is issued in another, then it is necessary to take from pension fund certificate of the amount of the pension.

Drawing up a loan agreement at a bank requires the provision of a certain package of papers. What documents are needed to obtain a loan, and in which specific banks - is described above.

There are, of course, hybrid loan products - something in between a citizen who is the owner of a legal entity, and a business loan. However, there are few such loan programs, maximum amount for such loans, a million and a half, and the interest rate is "biting", which is generally understandable - much higher, because the profitability of the business is not fully assessed, but the time for consideration of the application is much shorter.

The main difference between loan agreements concluded with individual entrepreneurs and agreements with LLCs and JSCs is liability for loan agreement. In the case of an LLC, the legal entity borrower is liable to the extent of the property owned by the LLC, and authorized capital. The individual entrepreneur is responsible for all his obligations, including under the loan agreement, with ALL his property as an individual!

The list of documents required by banks from a potential borrower is usually the same. This is primarily due to the requirements on the assessment of creditworthiness and solvency. Nevertheless, there is nothing supernatural in this list - it is enough to prepare such a package once - you will not be afraid of anything.

The full package of documents can be conditionally divided into three parts: legal documents, accounting and financial statements, general business information.

Juristic documents

IP legal documents are a copy of the certificate of registration as an individual entrepreneur and a copy of the certificate of registration on tax accounting(INN). If you receive a loan from a bank where you have a current account, then you do not need to provide these documents, with the exception of a copy of your passport.

Based on these documents, the bank conducts a security check, while the individual entrepreneur is also checked as a legal entity: credit history, arbitration practice, litigation, etc. - and you as an individual: credit history for consumer, auto loans, mortgages , criminal records, affiliation according to the databases of the so-called. "values", etc. If you, as an individual, are the founder or official director of another legal entity, banks will detect this and may ask for a complete package of documents for this legal entity. For banks, this situation is a sure sign that the individual entrepreneur and this enterprise are connected by businesses - in this case, most likely, you will be offered to issue a guarantee for this enterprise and provide a full package for this organization. Accordingly, if this legal entity has “sins” against banks, then you will most likely be denied a loan for an individual entrepreneur.

If your business uses several individual entrepreneurs, for example, to optimize taxation, it is better at the time of filing loan application tell the credit manager about it. In this case, the bank will treat you as a group legal entities- Accordingly, business data will be consolidated, and you can count on a larger loan or better lending conditions. But we must be prepared that in this case it will be necessary to collect complete packages of documents for all individual entrepreneurs.

We collect reports

The most voluminous package is accounting and financial reporting. On its basis, the credit manager must conduct an economic / financial analysis and assess your creditworthiness and solvency.

As a rule, individual enterprises apply a simplified taxation system and Accounting lead in a simplified version. On the one hand, the list of official reporting that will need to be provided is minimal. But on the other hand, these reports do not contain enough information for the bank to evaluate your business, so some of the information will have to be compiled, as they say, “manually”. In fact, there is nothing to worry about here, and we hope that this article will allow you to prepare this data with minimal time and nerves.

So, what documents will you need to provide:
1) Copies of declarations on the payment of a single tax on imputed income, simplified tax for all periods of the previous and current years, in fact, for 5 quarters. Important: all reporting must be stamped with acceptance tax office, or a copy of the register is attached with a mark of mail on the acceptance of a registered letter, or a printout of a receipt for the acceptance of reports using an electronic digital signature. These documents may be requested simultaneously with the submission of a loan application and analyzed almost immediately in order to make an express decision on issuing or not issuing a loan. In this regard, we note the following - empty or minimal declarations (for example, compiled to optimize taxation) may lead to a refusal. Many banks have a conservative approach to assessing the financial condition of a potential borrower: if the business is really carried on, declarations cannot be empty.
2) Copies of payment orders for the payment of UTII, income tax.
3) List of property used by you in business. Usually refers to buildings, equipment, vehicles used in business. Feel free to include everything you work with in this list: office furniture, safes, computers, printers, etc. For some banks, the maximum loan amount depends, among other things, on the value of the property. However, be prepared for the fact that the bank will want to register this property as collateral. Warning: do not try to “hide” expensive cars, apartments, houses registered to you personally from the bank - they will find and ask the question: “why didn’t they show it right away?”.
4) Warehouse certificate - a list of goods available in the warehouse at the present time at purchase and market prices.
5) Copies of cash books (for assessing cash cash flow) and certificates of turnover on settlement accounts from servicing banks (to assess non-cash flow).
6) Breakdown of debtors - a complete list of all those who owe you, indicating the date the debt arose and the planned repayment period.
7) Breakdown of creditors - a complete list of who you owe, when the debt was formed and when you plan to repay.
8) Calculations and prices for manufactured and sold products (services)
9) Invoices and waybills with prices for the main types of raw materials purchased for production, goods for resale. Based on this information, the bank will calculate the marginal income of your business. Here you do not need to copy all invoices and invoices - just a few pieces for the main positions.
10) Statement of fixed (overhead) expenses: how much do you spend on renting premises, paying utilities, transport, communications, wages

Don't forget to handle

In addition to the listed financial statements, you will be asked to provide from all banks where you have current accounts:
1) a certificate of turnover,
2) a certificate of the presence / absence of file cabinet No. 2,
3) certificate of loan debt.

These documents are best requested from servicing banks in advance (for example, as soon as the “go-ahead” is received along the security line). It is better to issue three different requests, make two copies, one of which with the bank's mark should remain with you. In some banks, such requests can be sent via the client-bank (or Internet-bank) system. Be sure to clarify this point - this will save you time on preparing documents.

What is management reporting and why does a bank need it?

We all live in Russia and are well aware that not always financial statements reflects the real state of finance in business. Banks understand this too. That is why such a thing as "management reporting" appeared. What does it include?
1) Real data on sales revenue. Not receipts to the current account, namely the real volume of goods and services sold. As a rule, it differs from accounting revenue by the amount of cash settlements (which, for “some” reasons, were not reflected at the cash desk), conditional mutual settlements, etc. If management revenue from sales differs from accounting revenue, they may be asked to explain the reasons for the discrepancies and “supporting documents”. In my practice, handwritten notebooks of the director were accepted as supporting documents, in which he recorded special receipts of revenue for himself.
2) Real costs of doing business: above mentioned the certificate of overhead plus the cost of purchasing raw materials, materials, etc. This, in particular, can also include expenses that are not included in official accounting.

Based on this information, the bank will calculate the real profit generated in the business. If it differs significantly from the accounting one, they will ask for clarification.

Documents for loans for projects

If, as the purpose of the loan, you have designated the implementation of some , then you will be asked to calculate the profitability and cash flow for the project - in fact a small business plan, or rather a forecasted cash flow.

The next group of documents - I call them "documents about business" - documentary evidence that the business is really functioning. This includes copies of documents:
1) confirming the ownership of the property used in the business (buildings, premises, equipment) and / or relevant lease agreements,
2) agreements with major suppliers and buyers. The more significant enterprises for your territory, the better - the bank has more confidence in the success of your business (if, for example, Gazprom is your client).

Documents are also required for mortgaged property

If you, as an individual or an individual entrepreneur, own expensive property (apartments, cottages, houses, cars), then banks will certainly determine this according to “special” bases (even if you “keep silent” about this when submitting documents) and offer on this property as collateral for a loan repayment guarantee. To apply for a pledge, you will have to provide documents confirming your ownership (and acquisition) rights:
1) For land plots and real estate objects - certificates of state registration of property rights and purchase / sale agreements (or donations, privatizations)
2) For Vehicle- copies technical passports

You will also need documents confirming your payment for the acquired property (invoices, payments, waybills, receipts - but, as a rule, this is required if the owner is an individual entrepreneur, and not an individual). If the property was acquired during marriage - a notarized consent of the spouse to the pledge or a copy of the marriage contract (if any).

On the one hand, collecting collateral documents is a certain additional hassle, but on the other hand, it is more likely that you will be granted a loan, and the conditions for secured loans are usually better: both the rate is lower and the amounts are larger.

In order not to be late: what documents should be taken in advance

The final decision on granting you a loan is not made solely by the credit manager, but by the credit committee. It makes sense to find out when there will be a meeting of the credit committee with consideration of your issue and order in advance from the tax office.
1) a certificate on the state of debt to the budget and extra-budgetary funds
2) certificate of open current accounts
3) an extract from the unified register of registration of individual entrepreneurs

Depending on the promptness of the tax authorities, these documents are prepared from three days to two weeks. Regarding the extract from the USRIP: check with the bank right away if you need to request it, because. some banks have the opportunity to independently obtain this information from the tax office.

If it turns out that you are indebted to the budgets - it's okay - you need to figure out the reasons. Often, the tax authorities are late in distributing the funds received from taxpayers to personal accounts. In this case, copies of payment orders must be attached to the certificate, from which it clearly follows that the debt has been repaid. Banks perceive such situations adequately.

Since the individual entrepreneur is liable under the loan agreement with all his property, your spouse will be asked to act as a guarantor under the loan agreement.

Finally

The text often used the expression "the bank can ask." Formally, the bank cannot demand anything from you at the stage of considering a loan application, however, if you refuse the “request”, you may simply be denied a loan without explanation, banks do not like “hidden” clients.

The article lists the main documents that you will definitely have to provide. At the same time, each bank analyzes borrowers in its own way and may “request” other documents as well.

Any business requires a constant investment of finance, otherwise stagnation and losses are not far off. And already at the start, from the moment of registration of legal status, it is impossible to avoid initial costs and investments. It is good if you have start-up capital or the help of friends. And what about those who do not have free funds, but there is a need for them?

Bank lending is one of the most attractive tools for small business development. Prompt receipt of funds helps entrepreneurs quickly and effectively respond to emerging problems. The current offers are designed for different needs - the development of a company, replenishment of working capital, expansion of a commodity or production base, equipment of new jobs, etc. Almost every bank today offers a wide range of loan products for small and medium businesses.

When considering an application for a loan, banks take into account the possible monthly income of the entrepreneur (current and planned), analyze the risks and prospects of the industry. The main and decisive aspect in favor of granting a loan is the solvency of the client. Usually, an individual entrepreneur has two statuses of a subject of market relations - an employee and a business owner. This duality gives certain advantages to the borrower, but can also lead to negative consequences.

Main influencing factors

Practice shows that banks are much more willing to lend to employees who have evidence of working capacity and solvency. In this case, not only the basic salary is considered as income, but also additional sources income (rental of property, pension/benefits, interest on deposits) and part-time employment. As confirmation, it is enough to provide the established forms of documents - income statements, lease agreement, work book.

If you are an entrepreneur, it is quite difficult to assess the level of solvency. For example, the main income from financial and economic activities can be confirmed by declarations, a book of income / expenses, or accounting reports. But what to do if you need to provide specific figures for future periods, and the business has opened from scratch? In this case, credit organizations are required to write a business plan, in the preparation of which the manager needs to take into account the specifics of Russian realities, as well as explain in detail what the borrowed funds will be used for and from what sources they will be covered.

Types of business loans

To get approval and quickly apply for a loan, let's figure out what types of loans exist and how they differ.

Available loans for entrepreneurs:

1. Express loans- the most simple to issue, a minimum package of documentation is required: a passport and a driver's or pension certificate. Interest rates, of course, significantly “bite” due to the inherent risks, the amounts are small (within 100,000 rubles), and the purposes of spending are very limited. Suitable for those who have little time and no other options available.
2. Consumer loans- issued for any purpose, however, business ideas are not included in this list. If you intend to take consumer credit as an individual, do not even mention that you are going to put money into the development of the company. Otherwise, you will get rejected. It is required to provide more supporting documents, but this, in turn, gives a chance to borrow a large amount and for a long time, and the interest rate is significantly lower than in the previous version. Be prepared for the fact that banks check solvency and the fact of actual employment - by calling work, for example. In addition, if the client is registered as an individual entrepreneur, it will be very difficult to hide it. In this case, a guarantor is usually required, and for amounts exceeding 500,000 rubles, a pledge on existing property is required. In some credit organizations the terms of the contract clearly state the impossibility of issuing borrowed money entrepreneurs in the design of consumer programs.
3. Target programs– targeted types of lending for small and medium-sized businesses. They combine the properties of consumer loans and financing of legal entities. They are offered for specific purposes - to open a company, to purchase real estate, vehicles or expensive equipment. The property acquired by the debtor acts as collateral, therefore interest rates slightly lower than at consumer lending. Overdraft, franchising and factoring are issued without collateral.

There are a number of banks operating on state program small business support. Within the framework of such proposals, the Small Business Assistance Fund can act as a guarantor for a businessman. But this is not available for all businessmen, but, first of all, for those who have already worked for at least three months. Regional budgets also offer their programs for beginners, within which you can count on reimbursement of interest on loans, subsidies or grants for business development.

In which banks can I get a loan

Loans to small businesses are provided by most large banks, among which, in the first place, Sberbank, VTB 24, and the Bank of Moscow stand out. The list of proposals is very wide, below are the most interesting and effective.

Current programs at Sberbank of Russia:

1. Replenishment of working and fixed assets for entrepreneurs with an annual revenue of no more than 400 million:

• "Business turnover" - in the amount of 150,000 rubles, for up to 4 years, the rate is from 14.8%.
• "Business overdraft" - with a lack of money in the bank account in the amount of up to 17,000,000 rubles, for a period of up to 1 year, the rate is from 12.97%.
• "Business real estate" - for the purchase of commercial real estate in the amount of 150,000 rubles, up to 10 years, the rate is 14.74%.

2. Express offers for entrepreneurs with an annual revenue of no more than 60 million:

• "Express on bail" - in the amount of 300,000-5,000,000, for a period of 6-36 months, at 16-23% per annum. In case of provision of collateral, preferential terms. No confirmation of the purpose of use is required, no commission is charged for early repayment and registration. Short term consideration of the application.
• "Trust, standard tariff" - for amounts up to 3,000,000, duration up to 3 years, percentage from 19.5%.
• "Business Trust" - provision of up to 3,000,000 without collateral, for up to 4 years at 18.98%. There are also no commissions, but 1 guarantor is required, except for certain categories of business.

3. Leasing offers- for the purchase of cars, trucks, special vehicles. Issued up to 24,000,000 rubles, duration from 12-21 months. Basically required advance payment from 10%, and the repayment schedule and rates are specified depending on the specific program.

4. bank guarantee - a means of ensuring partnership obligations. Issued for amounts from 50,000 rubles. up to 3 years at 2.66%.

Interesting basic programs at VTB 24:

1. "Overdraft"- to cover cash needs, from 850,000 are issued for a total period of 1-2 years, the duration of the tranche (continuous debt) is 30-60 days. Interest from 18.5% per year. Without collateral, commission and the need for a monthly reset of your account.
2. "Loan on collateral"– for the purchase of objects pledged by the bank. Issued up to 150,000,000, duration up to 10 years. The initial payment is not less than 20% of the cost, the annual interest is specified individually.
3. "Targeted lending secured by purchased goods"– the amount of 850,000 for 5 years. When making an additional deposit, it is possible to receive money without paying an advance. There is a commission from 0.3%, an annual rate from 14.5%.
4. "Revolving Loan"– from 850,000 rubles. provided for seasonal and cyclical processes or working capital replenishment. Duration up to 2 years, rate from 16%.

Favorable offers from the Bank of Moscow:

1. "Business Perspective"- for the development of the company, the replenishment of fixed / working capital is issued from 3,000,000 to 150,000,000 rubles, for a period of up to 5 years. Conditions are negotiated individually, depending on the assessment of the potential solvency of the borrower.
2. "Overdraft”- up to 12,500,000 rubles are provided. to finance payment gaps, including the payment of taxes, the issuance of salaries to employees. Terms up to 1 year, tranche up to 30 days. Entrepreneurs who have been operating for at least 9 months can count.
3. Turnover program- to replenish working capital, it is realistic to borrow from 1,000,000 to 150,000,000 rubles for up to 2 years. After analyzing the creditworthiness and subject to work for at least 9 months. the interest rate on the loan is determined.
4. Development program- any property owned by the borrower is accepted as collateral. Amounts up to 150,000,000 rubles, duration up to 60 months.

Action algorithm

• To get a loan, you must first decide on the bank and familiarize yourself with the proposed financing conditions.
• Then collect the required documents for the application and subsequent processing. Each institution has its own list, usually they are asked to provide the borrower with a questionnaire indicating personal data; passport and military ID; registration certificates, an extract from the USRIP and a license to operate. For the guarantor - also a questionnaire and a passport; if there is a temporary registration confirming its document; military ID and 2-personal income tax certificate for employees. In some cases, they ask for a list of assets and the consent of the franchisor to cooperate.
• Entrepreneurs are required to provide financial statements for the last period and balance sheet at the end of the period. You will also need a book on income and expenses, a pledge statement of property and a business plan with prospects for the development of the company.
• If a loan without guarantors is not given, try to negotiate with one of your close friends or partners.
• After all the documentation is prepared, you can submit an application. To be sure, try contacting several at once. financial institutions. If one is denied, it is quite possible that another will be approved.

There is a high probability of obtaining a loan from clients with a positive credit history, no criminal record or late payments. At the same time, the term of activity is generally at least 1 year, and the property has liquid, easily marketable assets.

Why can an entrepreneur be denied a loan

Consideration of applications in banks is carried out by a special department - the credit committee. Refunds can be denied for a variety of reasons. The main one is insufficiently high solvency. That is why it is necessary to pay maximum attention to the preparation of a business plan.

Bankers have developed a biased attitude towards individual entrepreneurs due to the specifics of their legal status. An individual entrepreneur can quickly complete activities and “curl up” the business. At the same time, the closing procedure is easier than that of an LLC, for example. It is more difficult to calculate financial prospects; therefore, they are more willing to meet those businessmen who can provide a pledge of property. If there is a recession in the industry, which has already happened with the tourism business, it is also pointless to take loans for the opening and development of the company because of the expected failure. And the presence of overdue payments on taxes, contributions and debts on wages, will serve as an additional reason for making a negative decision.

In conclusion, we note that an entrepreneur can always count on a cash loan, the main thing is to choose the best option. When choosing, you need to decide what is more important: getting money quickly but expensively, or building long-term relationships with financial institution, working for the future and proving its solvency.

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