05.02.16 315 038 5

And how to get a loan with it

If you were denied a loan, didn't get insurance, didn't get a job, or you're just bored, take a look at your credit history.

Perhaps in it you will learn a lot of interesting things about yourself. In the first article in the series, we will tell you how it works and why you need a credit history.

Antonina Sergeeva

journalist

What does it look like

Credit history is a dossier on you as a borrower. It tells you how much and when you borrowed, paid on time or delayed, and whether you applied to other banks for loans. The dossier describes all loans since 2005.

There are no rules on what a credit history should look like. But there are required blocks:

Bureau name

Personal information about the client

Summary: how much to take and how to give

Character decoding: how the client repaid the loan

Loan retelling

Delays: green chart - no delinquencies

Multi-colored chart - there are delays

Loan Solutions

Credit history inquiries marks

The main information in the credit history is entered by employees of credit organizations: banks, microfinance organizations and credit consumer cooperatives.

Additional information about debts can be made by mobile operators and bailiffs due to delays in alimony and housing and communal services.

Why companies need credit history

Credit history is used by lenders, insurers and employers. So they are looking for reliable customers and employees.

Banks decide whether to lend or not. The bank must check the borrower: how reliable is he and whether he can return the money. Previously, such a check was done by managers: they asked customers themselves and called to work. But such a system was too easy to fool, so now everything is centralized: no matter which bank you go to, they all see your credit history.

Insurers protect themselves from scammers and irresponsible people. If the client is late with payments and has several loans, then he clearly does not have enough money. For their sake, he may simulate an accident. Therefore, insurers are ready to increase the cost of the policy for such clients or even refuse them insurance.

Employers evaluate an employee: how mature, disciplined and responsible he is. If a person is indebted, then he clearly has problems with decision-making. The experts of the Izvestiya newspaper believe that such an employee will fail the project, fail to notice the mistake, or cheat. Credit history is a litmus test for a position with financial responsibility: director, accountant or supply manager.

From July 1, 2014, any company can request a credit history. To do this, she will have to obtain the written consent of the owner: the credit history falls under the law on the protection of personal data, so it is not given out to anyone. This means that if an employer wants to check your credit history, they must ask you to sign a written consent. You can refuse, but then the employer can also refuse to employ you.

How credit history is useful for you

If the bank did not give you a loan, then something is wrong with your credit history. If you are sure that you should be fine with it, it may not have been updated yet. For example, a client took out a car loan and repaid it, but the mark has not yet appeared in the credit history. The bank sees an existing loan and refuses a new one.

Companies can also be sealed in the passport number or initials. If the data matches with another person, then someone else's debt may hang on you. Banks will not double-check other people's information, they will silently refuse a loan.

If you have questions or want to know more, watch the video. A bank loan expert explains what a credit history is, why it is so important for banks and what to do if you plan to take out a large loan, but there is no credit history.

In the following articles we will tell,; ,

conclusions

1. Credit history is a description of your loans since 2005: how much you borrowed and how exactly you paid; were the second borrower or guarantor.
2. Take it seriously: banks, employers and insurers will find out about your delays.
3. Banks use credit history to evaluate borrowers. It depends on her whether they will give you a loan or not.
4. Employers may refuse to hire with a bad history, and insurers may raise the price of policies.

1. Sources of credit history formation provide all available information, as defined in Article 4 of this Federal Law, to credit history bureaus on the basis of a concluded information services agreement. It is allowed to conclude an agreement on the provision of information services with several credit history bureaus.

2. An agreement on the provision of information services concluded between a source of formation of a credit history and a credit history bureau is an adhesion agreement, the terms of which are determined by the credit history bureau.

3.1. Sources of credit history formation - credit organizations, microfinance organizations and credit cooperatives are obliged to submit all available information specified in Article 4 of this Federal Law regarding borrowers, guarantors, principals to at least one credit history bureau included in the state register of credit history bureaus, without obtaining consent to its submission, except for cases in which the Government of the Russian Federation has established restrictions on the transfer of information in accordance with Part 7 of this Article, as well as persons in respect of whom the Government of the Russian Federation has established these restrictions.

(see text in previous edition)

3.2. Sources for the formation of credit histories - organizations that are lenders under loan agreements (with the exception of credit organizations, microfinance organizations and credit cooperatives) have the right to submit to the credit history bureau the available information specified in Article 4 of this Federal Law in relation to borrowers, guarantors at least in one a credit history bureau included in the state register of credit history bureaus, without obtaining consent to its submission, and are also required to submit to the credit bureau information on the repayment of loans, information about which was previously transferred to the credit history bureau.

3.3. Sources for the formation of credit histories - organizations in favor of which court decisions that have entered into force and not executed within 10 days have been issued to recover sums of money from the debtor in connection with their failure to fulfill their obligations to pay for housing, utilities and communication services, the federal body executive power, authorized to exercise the functions of ensuring the established procedure for the activities of the courts and the execution of judicial acts and acts of other bodies, when recovering unfulfilled alimony obligations, obligations to pay for housing, utilities and communication services, has the right to provide available information on monetary amounts, certain paragraph 3 of part 3 and paragraph 3 of part 7 of article 4 of this Federal Law, as well as information contained in the title part of the credit history in relation to debtors, to the credit history bureau included in the state register of credit history bureaus, without obtaining consent to its submission . Source of formation of credit histories - an organization in favor of which a court decision that has entered into force and has not been executed within 10 days has been issued to recover sums of money from the debtor in connection with his failure to fulfill his obligations to pay for housing, utilities and communication services, federal agency executive power, authorized to exercise the functions of ensuring the established procedure for the activities of courts and the execution of judicial acts and acts of other bodies - on the fulfillment of alimony obligations, as well as obligations to pay for housing, utilities and communication services, are obliged to report information to the credit history bureau on the execution of a court decision (full or partial), information about which was previously sent to the credit history bureau, within five working days from the day they became aware of the relevant information, and are also required to send a notification to the debtor about the transfer of information about him to the credit history bureau ok, install Lennoy Bank of Russia. The credit history bureau is required to include such information in the credit history.

3) on the amount of the obligation of the borrower, the guarantor as of the date of revocation of the license of the credit institution for banking operations, exclusion from the state register of the microfinance institution, credit cooperative and as of the date of completion of the bankruptcy proceedings of the institution;

4) on the fulfillment of an obligation (on the compulsory fulfillment of an obligation in accordance with the terms of a loan (credit) agreement, on writing off the debt under the loan (credit) agreement from the balance sheet of the organization, on the assignment of the right to claim to third parties indicating third parties) as of the date of completion of the competitive organization's production.

3.5. The source of credit history formation, which is in the process of liquidation, is obliged to provide the following information:

1) about the organization that is in the process of liquidation;

3) on the amount of the obligation of the borrower, guarantor as of the date of revocation of the credit institution's banking license, exclusion from the state register of the microfinance institution, credit cooperative, and as of the date of completion of the liquidation of the institution;

4) on the fulfillment of the obligation (on the compulsory fulfillment of the obligation in accordance with the terms of the loan (credit) agreement, on the write-off of debt under the loan (credit) agreement from the balance sheet of the organization, on the assignment of the right to claim to third parties, indicating third parties) as of the date of completion of the process liquidation of the organization.

3.6. The source of the formation of a credit history, in respect of which bankruptcy proceedings or liquidation are opened, submits information to the same credit history bureaus to which he submitted information earlier. After the completion of bankruptcy proceedings or liquidation of the organization, all remaining information (if any) is transferred to the credit history bureau.

3.7. The information part of the credit history is submitted by the sources of formation of the credit history in the credit history bureau without the consent of the subject of the credit history within a period not exceeding five working days from the date of its formation.

3.9. If the borrower - an individual has a credit history at the time of accepting for processing an application for declaring him insolvent (bankrupt), the source of formation of the credit history - the financial manager is obliged to provide the information specified in subparagraph "d" of paragraph 1 of part 3 of article 4 of this Federal Law, in credit history bureaus in which the credit history of the specified subject of credit history is formed, and if the borrower - an individual does not have a credit history at the time of accepting the application for declaring him insolvent (bankrupt), the financial manager is obliged to send such information to at least one credit history bureau included in the state register of credit bureaus.

4. Information on the transfer of information specified in Article 4 of this Federal Law about the borrower, guarantor, principal to the credit history bureau must be contained in the loan (credit) agreement, the surety agreement concluded by the source of credit history formation with the borrower, guarantor, as well as in the banking guarantees.

(see text in previous edition)

4.1. The subject of the credit history shall provide the source of formation of the credit history with the code of the subject of the credit history at the conclusion of the loan (credit) agreement, if the subject of the credit history at the time of the conclusion of the loan (credit) agreement does not have a credit history in any credit history bureau. The source of credit history formation receives the code of the credit history subject from the subject of the credit history and, simultaneously with the information specified in Article 4 of this Federal Law, submits the code of the subject of the credit history to the credit history bureau.

4.2. The subject of the credit history has the right to replace the code of the subject of the credit history, as well as create for each user of the credit history an additional code of the subject of the credit history for its submission in order to obtain information from the Central catalog of credit histories. The additional code of the credit history subject is valid for two months from the date of its formation and is canceled by the Central Catalog of Credit History after this period.

(see text in previous edition)

4.3. The procedure for the formation, replacement and cancellation of codes of a credit history subject, including additional codes, is established by the Bank of Russia.

(see text in previous edition)

5. Sources of credit history formation provide information to credit history bureaus within the period stipulated by the information provision agreement, but no later than five business days from the date of the action (occurrence of an event), information about which is included in the credit history in accordance with this Federal Law , or from the day when the source of the formation of the credit history became aware of the commission of such an action (the occurrence of such an event). Sources of credit history formation (with the exception of the sources specified in part 5.1 of this article) provide information to credit history bureaus in the form of an electronic document.

(see text in previous edition)

5.1. Source of formation of credit histories - an organization in favor of which there is a court decision that has entered into force and has not been executed within 10 days to recover sums of money from the debtor in connection with his failure to fulfill his obligations to pay for housing, utilities and communication services, or a federal the executive authority authorized to exercise the functions of ensuring the established procedure for the activities of the courts and the execution of judicial acts and acts of other bodies, when recovering unfulfilled maintenance obligations, obligations to pay for housing, utilities and communication services, has the right to provide relevant information to the credit history bureau in the form of an electronic document signed with an electronic signature in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, or in the form of a paper document.

5.2. If information is provided by the source of credit history formation specified in Part 5.1 of this Article in relation to more than four subjects of credit history within one year, the source of credit history formation is obliged to provide information in the form of an electronic document.

5.3. In the event that the credit history formation source stops providing information to the credit history bureau due to the expiration of the contract for the provision of information services with this credit history bureau, or in the event that this source cedes the right to claim to another person, the credit history formation source transfers the relevant information to the bureau credit histories within five working days.

5.4. In the event that the source of credit history formation assigns to another person the right to claim under a loan (credit) agreement or other debt, information on which, in accordance with this Federal Law, is submitted to the credit history bureau, the person who received the right to claim, with the exception of an individual or an individual , registered as an individual entrepreneur, becomes a source for the formation of this credit history and subsequently is obliged to conclude an agreement on the provision of information services and submit information to at least one credit history bureau included in the state register of credit history bureaus, in the manner prescribed by this article. In the event of the transfer of the right of claim to the subject of credit history to a legal entity included in the state register of legal entities engaged in the return of overdue debts as the main activity, such a legal entity is obliged to conclude an agreement on the provision of information services and submit information to the same credit bureaus. stories that previously provided information about the relevant subject of the credit history. part 10 of Article 4 of Article 4 of this Federal Law, in a credit bureau in accordance with this Article is not a violation of official, banking, tax or commercial secrets.

7. The Government of the Russian Federation has the right to establish restrictions on the transfer of information by sources of formation of a credit history to credit history bureaus.

Without special preparation, you can easily get confused when you get your credit history (CI). You will see special terms and symbols, colored boxes and tables. This is logical, because the document was created for bank employees. But everything is not as difficult as it seems. We will help you deal with this issue.

The content of the credit history of an individual

Any credit report consists of three parts:

• . It contains general information about the borrower.
• Information part. All loans, payments on them and guarantees are listed here.
• closed part. All applications for the borrower's CI are listed here.

Let's take a closer lookcredit history contenton the example of the NBCH report.

1. Title part

consists of sections:

• Borrower
• Summary.
• borrower identification.

Borrower

Here are your passport details. You need to check this section carefully. A typo in the last name or date of birth can cause problems when applying for a bank loan. If you find an error, immediately submit a request to the BKI with a request to double-check the data. Changes will be made within a month.

Summary

Here are indicated:

• Accounts.

These are all your loans: open, closed, overdue. “Negative” are loans for which you were behind on repayments. The borrower in the screenshot had three loans. He repaid one without delay, and there were problems with the other two. But all three are closed.

Check this information carefully. Sometimes banks transmit information to the CBI with a delay: you repaid the loan, but it is still listed as open. This may be the reason for the rejection of a new loan. Banks do not like it when a client has several loans at the same time. If you find a mistake - write a statement to the BKI.

• Contracts.

The top number, the credit limit, is the sum of all your loans since 2005. BKIs have been collecting data on borrowers since that time. The credit limit is needed only for statistics. The monthly payment is the amount of your loan payments. If you have already paid off all debts, it is equal to zero. If not, the bank will take this amount into account. When calculating solvency, he will deduct it from the amount of your income.

This information also needs to be verified. If your closed loan is still listed as open, BKI will show the payments on it on your credit report. As a result, the bank will incorrectly estimate your real income. He will deduct from it the payments on the loan that you repaid a long time ago.

• Balance.

The “Current” column is the sum of all your loan payments. "Overdue" - all overdue payments, and "Debt" - the amount that you need to pay the bank to pay off problem loans. Everything is fine with the borrower from the example: in the last two columns it is 0. He can even count on a large loan - for example, on a mortgage.

• Opened.

The first date is the day your last loan was opened. The second is the day you took your first loan from the bank.

• Requests.

This is information about how often banks were interested in your CI. If it was requested 3-4 times in the last couple of months, then everything is in order. But if more often, there will be problems. 10-15 banks were interested in your CI? So, you tried to get a loan in different financial institutions, but could not do it. Why?

In the example, Ivanov's CI was requested 8 times. He also has 3 credits. Quite normal ratio. The picture is spoiled by 6 requests in the last 24 months. This is likely due to his problem loans. Ivanov applied for a loan, the bank asked for his CI - and refused.

2. Information part

Check

This is complete information about your loan. Type: a loan can be consumer, mortgage, urgent, for buying a car, etc. Attitude: you can take a loan or be a guarantor, trustee, co-borrower. In our example, Ivanov took a loan personally from Ivanovo OJSC.

Treaty

Here are all the details of the contract. When did the payments start, when did they end, what were the repayment schedule, interest rates and initial loan amount.

State.

The section indicates the condition of the loan. "Open" - you are still paying, closed - already paid off. "Overdue" - you are late with payments. "Brought to default" - the bank is sure that you will not repay the loan. The worst option. With such an entry in the CI, you will not receive a loan. “Transferred to another organization” - your loan was given to collectors or the bank lost its license.

Check the section carefully. This information may also be outdated if the bank did not submit information to the CBI on time.

Balance

The same as "Balance" in the first part of the CI. But here the information is detailed, broken down by each loan.

Late payments

Information about how often and for how many days you were late with payments. Ivanov paid regularly - he has no delays.

Timeliness of payments

Colored squares are months. They are identified by the initial letters of the word. F - February, M - March, A - April and so on. The numbers are January, the beginning of the year. In this case, it is 13 - 2013.Important: read the line in reverse order, from right to left. The first square is the beginning of loan payments. The last one is the current state.

The color of the box indicates the timeliness of deductions for loan repayment.

In our example, Ivanov started the payment in September 2012. Therefore, the square is white, it contains 0. This means that the payment cannot be evaluated. In October, November and December, he paid without delay - green squares. As of January 2013, the BKI has no data. And in February timely payments went again.

The more green in your CI, the better.

Creditor information

Information about the bank that issued you the loan.

Other items

In addition to the above information,content of the borrower's credit historyBKI may include information about collateral and bank guarantees. Then the CI will contain information about what property your loan is secured with and what is its value. As well as the name and details of the guarantor bank - that is, the financial organization that acts as a guarantor for your loan. If you can't repay it, the bank will.

3. Closed part - requests

From this section you will learn about all the organizations that were interested in your credit history. It is really closed - no one can see this information, except for the owner of the CI. But the "Summary" shows the total number of requests. Even such information is enough for banks to draw conclusions.

There should not be any unfamiliar names in the list of companies interested in your CI. If you find a request that you don’t know about, go to the website of the Bank of Russia and leave an application for a BKI there. Your credit history can only be accessed with your permission. If you did not sign such an agreement, the BKI violated the law.

Credit history (CI) - information about the relationship between the borrower and financial institutions, including data on overdue payments and current debt, if any. Not every client of a bank or microcredit organization wants the history to be kept throughout his life. It is important for such borrowers to know how long the credit history is updated.

What is a credit history and where is it stored?

A credit history is created with the conclusion of the first loan agreement with a banking organization. On the day of signing the documents, the bank transfers the information to the credit history bureau (BKI), where they are stored. BKI - organizations that have been licensed by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. Created for the purpose of storing and transmitting data on transactions on loans to individuals.

Each region is assigned 1 or more bureaus interacting with each other. If necessary, customer data is transferred from one department to another. In turn, banking and microfinance organizations are legally obliged to send information about the loan no later than 10 days from the next operation(conclusion of an agreement, the formation of a delay, the implementation of a contribution to a loan account).

Any CI contains such data as:

1. Personal data of the client and the credit institution that provided the loan;

2. The amount of the loan;

3. Validity period of the loan agreement;

4. Data on overdue payments and early closed loans;

5. Presence of legal proceedings with a banking company.

Some organizations are late with the transfer of data, or even skip sending information on loans to the BKI. For this reason, each client should periodically conduct an independent reconciliation of operations, promptly identify errors and correct them before the next application for a loan.

How long does it take to update a credit history?

Information on customer loans is updated during 10 days after account transaction performed (next payment, loan application, loan restructuring, early repayment, etc.).

Full updating of information on loans is a lengthy process. The legally approved period for changing data is 10 years from the date of the last action on the loan account. At the end of the term, the client's CI is reset to zero. In the case when a client needs a quick adjustment of his credit history, he should take a small loan and repay it on time. If necessary, you can do these steps repeatedly until the credit rating becomes positive. That is, the term for updating the CI depends only on the borrower.

How to get information about credit history

Each client of the bank is given the opportunity Once a year, check information on loans free of charge through the bureau. This right is spelled out in the law "On Credit Histories". To find out the data, you need to send a request to the Central Catalog of Credit Histories. From there, the borrower will receive a list of BKIs containing the required information. Then you should fill out an application for a free report on the website of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation.

Attention! You will need a subject code to complete the application. It can be obtained through local bureau branches or banks.

It is important to know that a free report can be obtained only 1 time per year. If necessary, a repeated request is made already with payment. Prices for paid services of the BCI vary depending on the region, the average price of a certificate is 900 rubles. The service * http://www.bki24.info will help save the client's money. For its services, the resource takes only 350 rubles, and the report is provided within 15 minutes after sending the application. There is no need to search for the subject code. In the application, you only need to indicate your full name, address, passport details and e-mail, to which information will be sent.

At detecting errors in the submitted report(an extra late payment, a loan that the client does not know about), it is not recommended to contact the credit bureau. Responsibility for the correctness of the entered information lies with the financial institution that issued the loan. The borrower should collect the documents and checks on hand, take a certificate from the bank, and only then send a request to correct the history to the BKI. Operational correction of data on loans is also carried out on the resource ↪ BKI24.INFO

It is important to understand that the correction of information is needed, first of all, by the client. Due to a misprint by a bank employee, it is stupid not to use loans for 10 years.

Conclusion

There are 2 ways to update credit data: refuse loans for 10 years or use small loans that you can pay off without delay. Even if the client is sure that his credit rating is positive, it is worth at least once a year confirmation in the BCI. This will eliminate erroneous entries that may affect further relationships with banks.

How long does it take to update credit history? Shelf life in BKI was last modified: April 25th, 2017 by Alexander Nevskiy

04/26/2018 , Sasha Bukashka

When making a decision to issue a loan, banks, first of all, pay attention to the client's credit history. It is her condition that speaks of the financial reliability of a potential borrower. And its analysis helps banks to minimize financial risks.

What is a credit history (CI)

This is a kind of dossier containing all the important information about the borrower, that is, the subject of the CI. The subject of a credit history can be both an individual and a legal entity. Its composition is determined by the Federal Law "On Credit Histories" No. 218-FZ dated December 30, 2004 (as amended on December 31, 2017).

What information does a credit history contain?

CI contains three main parts and one additional.

The title part contains passport data, full name. client, information about marital status, education, number of children, place of work, income and contact information. If the subject is a legal entity, the full name of the organization and all state registration codes are indicated: USRN and TIN.

The main part includes information about in which banks and under what conditions the borrower received loans.

From the closed part, you can find out about all creditors and users of credit history.

The information part contains data on failures. As a rule, such information is not disclosed to the client.

How to get a credit history

How to build a positive credit history and why it matters

Is it possible to get a loan from a bank if the credit history is damaged

If the credit history is damaged, banks will refuse. Sometimes banks lend to borrowers who have had minor delinquencies at higher interest rates, extending the loan term, or asking for a down payment on a purchase. Troubled customers can be given loans at high interest rates by small financial institutions. As a rule, this is due to an attempt to expand the client base.

If the borrower has long-standing unpaid loans or had a lawsuit with the bank, then most likely he will no longer be granted a loan. Such clients are on the "black list" of banks.

Therefore, it is much better to stick to this information and follow simple rules. Banks often offer loans to well-established borrowers and regular customers to get a loan on more favorable terms.

Normative documents regulating the work of the BCI:

• Federal Law No. 218-FZ of December 30, 2004 “On Credit Histories”;
• Federal Law on Credit Histories (as amended by Federal Law No. 481-FZ of December 31, 2017);
• Bank of Russia Ordinance No. 3465-U, dated December 1, 2014, “On the Composition and Procedure for Forming the Information Part of a Credit History”;
• Bank of Russia Ordinance No. 3572-U, dated February 19, 2015, “On the Procedure for Sending Requests to the Central Catalog of Credit Histories and Obtaining Information from It About the Credit History Bureau, which Stores the Credit History of a Credit History Subject, Through the Credit History Bureau”;
• The procedure for interaction between the automated system "Central catalog of credit histories" and the bureau of credit histories;
• Instruction of the Bank of Russia “On the Procedure for Sending Requests and Obtaining Information from the Central Catalog of Credit Histories by a Subject of a Credit History and a User of a Credit History by Contacting the Representative Office of the Bank of Russia on the Internet” (No. 1610-U dated August 31, 2005);
• Instruction of the Bank of Russia “On the procedure and forms for providing credit history bureaus with information contained in the title parts of credit histories and codes of subjects of credit histories to the Central Catalog of Credit Histories” (dated August 31, 2005 No. 1611-U);
• Instruction of the Bank of Russia “On the Procedure for Sending Requests and Obtaining Information from the Central Catalog of Credit Histories by a Subject of a Credit History and a User of a Credit History by Applying to a Credit Institution” (No. 1612-U dated August 31, 2005);
• The order of interaction of the automated system "Central catalog of credit histories" with the subjects and users of credit histories;
• The procedure for interaction between the automated system "Central catalog of credit histories" and the bureau of credit histories.