In September, individuals continued to actively withdraw both foreign currency ($662 million) and ruble funds (RUB 141 billion) from banks. In two months, credit institutions have lost almost 200 billion rubles. and more than $2.3 billion of funds from the population. The main losses were suffered by banks that appeared in the US bill on sanctions restricting foreign exchange transactions. At the same time, for the most part, the “daughters” of foreign banks and large private banks remained the winners.

According to bank statements as of October 1, analyzed by Kommersant, the Russians continued to actively withdraw foreign currency from banks. So, in September, foreign currency deposits in Sberbank decreased by more than $901 million, in VTB - by $95 million, in Sovcombank - by $55 million. Rosbank ($46 million), Unicredit ($41 million). In addition, foreign currency deposits in Alfa-Bank (by $100 mln) and in two near-state banks - FC Otkritie ($59 mln) and Gazprombank ($47 mln) grew significantly. In general, in the banking sector currency funds individuals decreased by $662 million in September.

At the same time, the population also reduced ruble investments, and the leaders of the outflow of funds were also Sberbank (a reduction of 46 billion rubles) and VTB (30 billion rubles). Citizens also took tens of billions of rubles from Citibank, Gazprombank and Binbank. At the same time, there was no significant flow of ruble funds to any bank. As a result, in addition to the currency, the population withdrew 141 billion rubles from deposits. For two months (August and September) of targeted withdrawal of funds, the volume of deposits in banking system decreased by 193 billion rubles. and $2.3 billion.

On Thursday, Sberbank refrained from commenting on the reduction of the deposit base. VTB reported that they record a reduction in deposits of individuals by 77 billion rubles. (for all currencies), which is less than 1% of the total deposit portfolio, and noted that by the end of October, an influx of deposits is expected. Also, VTB noted the trend associated with "replacing dollar deposits with euros." At the same time, as indicated on the bank's website, dollar deposits are accepted at a rate of 1.5–3% per annum, while euro deposits are only 0.5–0.7% per annum. In Binbank, the outflow of funds from the population was called planned as part of a policy to reduce the cost of funding.

Experts attribute the continued outflow of funds from Sberbank and VTB to the expectation of tougher US sanctions (see Kommersant on August 8). “Depositors are used to considering investments in these banks as very reliable, but the news about the possibility of banning transactions in US dollars for them has shaken this confidence among some clients,” says Stanislav Volkov, head of the validation department at Expert RA. and SMP Bank, which were previously subject to similar restrictions, Sberbank and VTB have a large amount of cross-border business and are vulnerable to such harsh sanctions.” According to him, in the current situation, clients considered the subsidiaries of large foreign banks to be a "safe haven". “The sanctions risks this time were not only heard, but in their favor, the depositors, and in the broad mass, and not just VIP clients,” said Kirill Lukashuk, an independent banking analyst.

However, this trend will not become long-term in the current situation, Mr. Lukashuk expects. “Contrary to expectations, there are no large outflows in currency,” agrees the senior director for financial institutions Fitch Ratings Alexander Danilov. - Probably, the increase in rates had a deterrent effect. Outflows from ruble accounts, he said, are not critical and can also be stopped by recent rate hikes. In August, the largest banks have already raised rates on currency deposits. In September and October, to prevent further outflows, banks actively raised rates on both foreign currency and ruble deposits (see Kommersant of October 13).

Vitaly Soldier

Currency funds of any legal entity located on the territory of the Russian Federation and registered in Russia are kept on its currency account. According to the instructions of the Central Bank, an enterprise can open a foreign currency account in a freely convertible currency in any authorized bank in Russia or in a foreign bank abroad to store foreign currency and use them at its own discretion. The procedure for the implementation of currency transactions by legal entities in the Russian Federation and abroad is regulated by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. According to the current legislation in the territory of Russia, foreign currency accounts can be opened for both residents and non-residents in any bank that has the right to conduct foreign currency transactions. At the same time, the number of foreign currency accounts opened by legal entities is not limited today.

To make transactions on an account abroad, you need a special permission from the Central Bank of Russia, issued taking into account the specifics of conducting specific currency transactions. The currency of the account is determined by the choice of the client. Settlements on the territory of Russia between Russian enterprises must be carried out only in rubles. Settlements of Russian enterprises with foreign ones can be carried out both in rubles and in foreign currency.

The procedure for opening and maintaining foreign currency accounts in Russia for residents and non-residents is established by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. To open a foreign currency account, the following documents must be submitted to the bank:

a) an application for opening a foreign currency account in the prescribed form;

b) a notarized copy of the articles of association and memorandum of association;

c) a notarized copy of the decision to establish or register an enterprise;

d) certificate of registration of the enterprise in the tax office at the place of registration;

e) certificate of registration in the pension fund of the Russian Federation;

f) a card of the established form with specimen signatures and a print imprint, notarized.

g) an extract from the minutes of the meeting of the founders on the opening of foreign currency accounts in the territory of the Russian Federation and / or abroad.

In addition, joint ventures and foreign firms must submit to the bank a certificate of their inclusion in the register of enterprises with foreign investment, which is issued after registration with the State Committee of the Russian Federation for Foreign Investment.

After the company provides the necessary documents Chief Accountant and the legal service of the bank check their legal capacity and, in case of a positive conclusion, issue an order to open an account. A copy of this order, certified by the bank, serves as the basis for the implementation of operations on the account. After issuing an order in the prescribed form, an agreement on settlement and cash services is signed with the client, which may differ in each bank. The contract reflects: the list of services of mutual rights and obligations, the conditions for placing funds on the client's account. Prior to the conclusion of the agreement, the client must familiarize himself with the tariff of commission fees for the services provided by the bank and only after agreement - sign it. Payments from accounts are usually made within the limits of account balances. The possibilities for the bank to make payments for the client in the event of a temporary lack of funds on his account (overdraft) are additionally stipulated in the agreements between the bank and the client.

In addition, the contract fixes the period during which the client has the right to protest the debiting or crediting of funds; after this period, claims are not accepted by the bank.

The company simultaneously open three currency accounts - transit, current and special transit currency account. These accounts are maintained in parallel. If necessary, and if the relevant documents are available, a foreign currency account is additionally opened abroad.

A transit currency account is used to credit the full amount of receipts in foreign currency.

The current currency account is used to account for the funds remaining at the disposal of enterprises after the mandatory sale of a part of export earnings.

A foreign currency account exists for settlements in the territory of another country for various services.

The account can be opened at once either in several currencies to avoid the transfer of currency from one to another, or for each type of currency. Transfer to other currencies is carried out without restrictions, but for a fee. Exchange differences associated with currency conversion are at the expense of the owner.

Operations on foreign currency accounts are reflected in accounting on the basis of extracts credit institution and accompanying monetary documents.

Opening a foreign currency account in a Russian bank

To open a foreign currency account in a Russian bank, as a rule, you need to submit to the bank the same documents that are needed to open a current account and a certificate from the bank where the current account is opened.

Opening a foreign currency account involves opening other accounts to record foreign currency transactions.

It, as a rule, assumes that the bank will start:

• current currency account - for accounting for foreign currency, which is at the disposal of your company;
• transit currency account - for crediting incoming currency earnings and other payments to foreign currency;
• a special bank currency account - for crediting foreign currency, which the bank buys at your order.

From May 2, 2014, companies are not required to report tax office on opening or closing a foreign currency account (Article 23 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation as amended by the Law of April 2, 2014 No. 52-FZ).

Opening a currency account outside of Russia

Residents of the Russian Federation open without restrictions accounts (deposits) in foreign currency and foreign currency Russian Federation in banks located outside the territory of the Russian Federation (clause 1, article 12 of the Law of December 10, 2003 No. 173-FZ “On currency regulation and currency control”).

Exceptions are provided for by the Law of May 7, 2013 No. 79-FZ “On the prohibition of certain categories of persons to open and have accounts (deposits), keep cash cash and values ​​in foreign banks located outside the territory of the Russian Federation, own and (or) use foreign financial instruments. These are persons holding a number of public positions and their spouses and minor children.

It is necessary to notify the tax inspectorate about opening (closing) bank accounts outside the Russian Federation or changing the details of foreign currency accounts. This must be done within a month according to the approved form (clause 2, article 12 of Law No. 173-FZ). Notification format in electronic form approved by order of the Federal Tax Service of Russia dated November 14, 2013 No. ММВ-7-14/ [email protected], notification form on paper - by order of the Federal Tax Service of Russia dated September 21, 2010 No. MMV-7-6 / [email protected]

For being late or filing a notification in an unspecified form, a fine is provided for the organization in the amount of 50,000 to 100,000 rubles, for failure to submit a notification - in the amount of 800,000 to 1,000,000 rubles. For the same violations, fines are provided for officials in the amount of 5,000 to 10,000 rubles and from 40,000 to 50,000 rubles, respectively (clauses 2, 2.1 of article 15.25 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation).

To open a foreign currency account outside of Russia, you should familiarize yourself with the requirements of the bank of the country in which you want to open an account.

You can easily open an account in a country that is a member of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) or the Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering (FATF). In other cases, you will first have to register the fact of opening an account with your tax office.

Include the fee for opening a foreign currency account in other expenses:

DEBIT 91-2   CREDIT 51
- Paid bank services for opening a foreign currency account.

How to organize accounting for account 52

For the correct accounting of foreign currency transactions to account 52, you can open sub-accounts:

• 52-1 "Currency accounts within the country";
• 52-2 "Currency accounts abroad".

To sub-account 52-1, open sub-accounts of the second order (based on those currency accounts that the bank has opened for you):

• 52-1-1 "Current currency account";
• 52-1-2 "Transit currency account";
• 52-1-3 "Special bank account".

You can open accounts in various currencies (US dollars, euros, etc.). Record transactions for each type of currency separately.

Buying foreign currency

The procedure for recording transactions related to the purchase of currency depends on the purposes for which it is purchased.

Currency can be bought:

• to pay for an import contract;
• for other purposes (payment of travel expenses, payment of wages employees of a foreign representative office, etc.).

The purchase and sale of foreign currency is carried out only through banks, and not all banks can buy and sell currency, only those that have permission to do so.

Sale of foreign currency

It is possible to sell foreign currency only through authorized banks (part 1 of article 11 federal law dated December 10, 2003 No. 173-FZ).

Authorized banks are banks or banking institutions that are endowed with certain powers to perform certain banking operations.

Previously, part of the proceeds received in foreign currency had to be sold on a mandatory basis.

Now the requirement for the mandatory sale of a part of foreign exchange earnings has been canceled, so the company can sell it only on a voluntary basis.

Write off the amount of foreign exchange funds aimed at sale by posting:

DEBIT 57   CREDIT 52-1-1 (52-1-2)
– currency funds are directed for sale.

Funds received from the sale of currency are credited to the current account. For the amount of these funds, make a posting:

DEBIT 51   CREDIT 91-1
- funds from the sale of foreign currency are credited to the current account.

Record the write-off of the sold currency by writing:

DEBIT 91-2   CREDIT 57
- written off the sold currency.

All expenses associated with the sale of currency (for example, remuneration paid to the bank), reflect the entry:

DEBIT 91-2   CREDIT 51 (52, 57)
- reflects the costs of selling currency.

Reflect at the end of the month financial results(profit or loss) from the sale of currency. As a rule, it arises due to the fact that the rate at which the bank sells the currency differs from its official exchange rate. To do this, make an entry in the account:

DEBIT 91-9   CREDIT 99
- reflected profit from the sale of currency

DEBIT 99   CREDIT 91-9
- reflected the loss from the sale of currency.

The loss from the sale of currency reduces the taxable profit of the organization (clause 6, clause 1, article 265 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

Unsold foreign exchange earnings be credited to the current foreign currency account.

How to open a foreign currency bank account - this question is asked by almost every person whose life or work is in one way or another connected with foreign exchange transactions. The main advantage of opening such an account is the ability to conduct a transaction without additional costs in the form of commissions.

Advantages of currency accounts

A foreign currency account has certain advantages:

• It allows you to carry out various operations (buying and selling) without going to exchange offices, as well as using the currency that may not be available in exchange offices at all.
• You will be able to transfer through the bank to your loved ones who are abroad, pay for tourist trips and study abroad. This is a more convenient and profitable way, unlike transfers through international payment systems, since they carry out currency conversion.
• It makes it possible to repay loans and debts without spending money on paying unnecessary fees. Read more about loans in euros on this page. The amount of payment is not limited.
• Eliminates the need to transport foreign currency when traveling abroad: you can open a special account that will allow you to cash out funds in any country.
• In the bank of your choice, be sure to ask about the possibility of opening a multi-currency account. This will come in handy when traveling to the countries of the European Union. You can read more about such accounts on this page.
• Provides the ability to manage your money through mobile phone or computer. Internet and mobile banking services are now available in almost all banks. Thus, you can be aware of all transactions made on the account without leaving your home.

Having decided to open a foreign currency account, keep in mind that the cost of services (opening and maintaining accounts) is different in each bank - you should not lose sight of this point. Also each banking organization there is a certain fee for transferring funds to the accounts of other companies, plus commissions for withdrawing money.

How to open a foreign currency account: description of the procedure

The main thing you need to pay attention to is the one-time fee for opening and the cost of maintenance per year, as well as the amount of the commission for cashing out funds, transferring to another account. In addition, exchange rates and a wide range of services in foreign currency are of great importance.

To open a foreign currency account, you need to prepare:

• the passport
• account opening application
• a certain amount of money required to open (usually 5-10 dollars).

After that, the specialist will prepare the documents and provide them to you for signature. Carefully read the contract and pay special attention to the clause concerning the calculation of interest on the balance of funds. Typically, customers are offered to issue an MC or Visa plastic card linked to the account.

Which currency account to choose

Usually there are 4 options:

• foreign currency account
• multiple currency account

The first two options are suitable for those who wish to open an account for transactions, and not for storing or accumulating money. At the same time, a multi-currency account makes it possible to work with several currencies at the same time.

The third option is for those who want to receive additional income in the form of accrued interest. The advantage of a multi-currency deposit is the ability to save funds even with sharp fluctuations in exchange rates, as well as withdraw funds in one of the currencies.

Which is better: a foreign currency account or a deposit?

If you need an account in order to save and increase the available funds and, preferably, receive a certain percentage on them, we advise you to open a deposit in foreign currency. The interest on it is lower than on the ruble, but if you do not plan to withdraw cash, a decent amount can accumulate over the year.

The advantage of such an offer will be the opening of a transit account, to which you can transfer money to third parties and organizations, and, if necessary, withdraw.

Most profitable offer they can be found in:

1. Credit Europe Bank
2. Tempbank
3. International Bank of St. Petersburg (IBSP)
4. Prime Finance Bank
5. Eastern Express Bank.

Detailed conditions are presented on the official websites of these companies.

If you were planning to invest euros, then you will find the most attractive conditions in:

• Tempbank
• Prime Finance
• YAR bank
• BBR Bank
• Seabas bank

Opening a foreign currency deposit in an unstable economy is a wise decision for anyone who wants to keep their savings and also receive additional income. Typically, the rates for such programs are quite low, but the income from this type of investment is much more profitable than from deposits in rubles.

If you need an account for regular transactions, then we advise you to issue bank card. With its help, you can receive and send transfers, pay for payments and purchases, withdraw cash.

Offers the most attractive conditions

Opening a currency account- one of the most popular services for companies (legal entities), ordinary citizens and individual entrepreneurs. The purpose of such an account is to store funds in monetary units other countries for the purpose of subsequent management and accumulation.

The conditions, procedure and rules for opening foreign currency accounts are specified in the following documents :

• FZ - according to currency regulation and control.
• Regulations of the Central Bank (created on the basis of this Federal Law).
• Bank rules.

Opening a foreign currency account by a legal entity or an individual is available in banks that have a license from the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, confirming the right to work with such an account.

Service for individuals

To open an account in a currency, an individual must :

• Choose the right banking institution.
• Decide on the terms.
• Contact the bank and hand over the papers.

The procedure for opening a foreign currency account for citizens implies the presentation :

• Passports (foreign or internal).
• Military ID (in some cases).

It also requires filling out and signing an agreement with the subsequent payment of a certain amount (subject to the conditions of banks). Further, the client is given a special form, where the amount of funds transferred for storage is prescribed.

Read also -

Individuals have the right to open an account in the money of any country with which the credit institution works. Account Options :

• "Poste restante".
• Short term (3-12 months).
• Long term (one year or more).

Opening a foreign currency account by a legal entity: types and subtleties of registration

It is important to understand that along with the currency entity opens three types of account at once :

• Current- the main account, which accumulates the balance of funds after the mandatory sale of the currency.
• Transit- intermediate (special) account. It is used to credit money after the operation and passing the currency control.
• Special transit- an account that is required to account for foreign money purchased in the Russian Federation.

Before opening a foreign currency account, a legal entity must familiarize itself with the conditions of a credit institution from the standpoint of the documents provided. Wherein the procedure for opening a foreign currency account is organized as follows :

• Filling out an application.
• Making an agreement with financial institution for account management.
• Transfer of the full package of papers.

The conditions for opening a foreign currency account imply the transfer of such securities (for companies) :

• Certificate of state registration.
• Card with signatures of persons who are given the right to manage the account. The company seals should also be here.
• founding papers.
• Certificates of registration in the structures of state statistics and the Federal Tax Service.
• Other documents.

Types of transactions available for companies

Legal entities (companies) after opening a foreign currency account have access to various transactions . The latter are conditionally divided into two categories:

1. First:

• Making loans for a period of up to six months.
• Financial transactions (transactions related to the import/export of goods).
• Transfers directly related to the accrual of dividend payments, interest and other types of profit.
• Other transactions related to the movement of finances (salary, pension accruals).

1. Second:

• Investing money in companies from other countries. This also includes investing in stocks or bonds.
• Obtaining loans for a period of six months or more.
• Property payments.
• Other transactions with funds on currency account, which cannot be classified as current.

How much does it cost to open a foreign currency account for companies?

Credit institutions are loyal to existing customers. If a legal entity already has a cash settlement agreement, registration of an account in foreign currency will be free. If the company only plans to open a cash account, receiving additional service in the form of a foreign currency account will cost 1-2 thousand rubles (the conditions for opening often differ depending on the credit institution).

What is the result?

Opening a currency account- a necessary service for legal entities or individual entrepreneurs working with companies from other countries. It is no less important for individuals who want to keep and increase their savings in foreign currency.