Event tourism in Russia is a very young, but powerfully developing area. At the moment, holidays associated with various events have become quite popular among Russian tourists.

All event tourism can be divided into several categories. All of them are selected according to the scale of the event. On such grounds, international and national events can be distinguished. In event tourism, several directions can be defined, which are divided by themes: theatrical shows, carnivals, fairs, music festivals, fashion shows, folk holidays, flower festivals, gastronomic festivals, film festivals, sporting events, religious holidays, economic forums, etc.

In Russia, event tourism has not yet developed much and it is very easy to name the places that attract local tourists with events: these are festivals and holidays in the capitals of Russia (Moscow and St. Petersburg). And in recent years, there has been a great interest in trips to the homeland of Santa Claus and Maslenitsa tours.

If there are no events in the life of a tourist facility as traditions that have developed historically, then the event is invented on purpose. For example, in the city of Suzdal (Vladimir region) a lot of holidays are held, for which a large number of tourists gather not only from Russia but also from abroad. Goose Fights and Cucumber Festival are considered famous. They are held on the territory of the Museum of Wooden Architecture. Tourists are also attracted by Christmas, New Year's Eve, Trinity, the Russian Fairy Tale festival, Epiphany, Maslenitsa, Rusalnaya week, the Indian Summer international festival and other event events.

In event tourism, there are several thematic types:

1. Theatrical shows:

Equestrian theatrical show (knightly tournament) in the Lion's Head castle (settlement Sukko, Anapa, Krasnodar Territory).

International folklore festival "World Village" (settlement Roshchino, Leningrad region);

Festivals of historical reconstruction (Yekaterinburg, St. Petersburg, Vyborg, etc.);

2. National festivals and holidays:

Summer holiday "Ysykhak" (Yakutia);

Military-historical festival "Kulikovo Field" (Tula region).

All-Russian Military-Historical Festival "Borodin Day" (Borodino, Moscow Region);

International Festival "Fashion and Style in Photography" (Moscow);

3. Festivals and flower exhibitions:

International Flower Festival (St. Petersburg);

All-Russian Flower Festival in Anapa (Krasnodar Territory).

International Festival "Flowers of Sakhalin" (Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Sakhalin Region);

4. Film and theater festivals:

Children's Film Festival "Fairy Tale" (Moscow).

Theater Festival "Golden Mask" (Moscow);

Moscow International Film Festival of Mountain and Adventure Films (Moscow);

Film Festival "Kinotavr" (Sochi, Krasnodar Territory);

5. Gastronomic festivals:

International Gastronomic Festival "Food Show" (Moscow); - Big Moscow International Beer Festival (Moscow);

Festival "Sea of ​​Beer in Sochi" (Krasnodar Territory);

Holiday-festival dedicated to the tomato (Syzran, Samara region).

Cucumber Festival (Suzdal, Vladimir region);

6. Fashion shows and festivals:

Fashion Festival “Ples on the Volga. Linen palette "(Ples, Ivanovo region).

Festival of Fashion and Theatrical Costume “Volga Seasons of Alexander Vasiliev” (Samara);

International Fashion Festival "Velvet Seasons" (Sochi, Krasnodar Territory);

International Festival “Fashion. Russia. Style "(St. Petersburg);

7. Auctions:

Real estate auction (Moscow);

Antique auction (Moscow).

Numismatic auction (St. Petersburg);

8. Music festivals and music competitions:

International Festival of Arts "Russian Music in the Baltic" (Kaliningrad);

Music Competition. P.I. Tchaikovsky (Moscow);

International Festival of Russian Classical Music. S.V. Rachmaninov (Veliky Novgorod);

9. Sports events:

Winter Olympics 2014 (Sochi).

UEFA Champions League (Moscow);

International tennis tournament "Kremlin Cup" (Moscow);

10. International technical salons:

Naval Salon (St. Petersburg);

Aviation and Space Salon "MAKS" (Zhukovsky, Moscow Region);

Exhibition of State Security Means "Interpolitex";

Car showroom in Moscow;

The business of the travel industry actively uses events to form a tourist product and attract tourists.

Today, event tourism is developing dynamically in Russia. Popular are sporting events such as ice hockey tournaments, the Kremlin Cup in tennis and football matches. A very noticeable increase in the inbound flow of tourists was ensured by the Eurovision-2009 music contest. We can say that every city in our country is interesting and attractive for its cultural and sports events. And a considerable number of spectators gather at them. The Moscow International Film Festival, various folklore, ethnic and military-historical holidays are held annually. Music festivals dedicated to world famous Russian composers have a huge potential for development at a higher scale.

It should be noted that event tourism is a unique type of tourism, since it is inexhaustible in content. A huge number of experts from all over the world believe that in the near future the number of participants in event tours will exceed the number of participants in excursion tours.

Several aspects can be noted about the event tourism market in Russia and its prospects. First, Rosturizm organizes a significant number of events both on its own and by its partners. For example, 2012 is marked by the 200th anniversary of the victory in the Battle of Borodino. The celebration of this date in the form of a reconstruction of the battle on the Borodino field in the Moscow region attracted the attention of thousands of guests, which turned the celebration into a full-fledged tourist event. Secondly, it is support of events within the framework of the Federal Target Program "Development of Domestic and Inbound Tourism in the Russian Federation (2011-2018)", which provides for the implementation of the task of promoting the Russian tourist product. Finally, thirdly, we constantly help various regions find themselves in the event market of the country and the world. And also to create opportunities for the formation of a full-fledged event series in all regions of Russia.

Undoubtedly, the leaders of this segment are the capitals of Russia - Moscow and St. Petersburg. Kazan is also a full-fledged center of sports event tourism. Yekaterinburg is the center of business events. But Perm recently demonstrated its ambitions as the center of festival events. Undoubtedly, the Krasnodar Territory, the Moscow Region and many regions of the North Caucasus have enormous potential.

EventGuide.ru is the first Russian portal about event tourism. The portal is positioned as a guide for independent and active tourists, travelers who attend various events and activities in Russia and abroad. ...

If we talk about the development of the event industry in Russia, then we can say that the main obstacle is the lack of understanding in the regions that the development of event tourism increases the investment potential of the territory exponentially. Indeed, together with the tourist, business, new life and opportunities come to the region. This is worth using, and you need to constantly think and talk about it.

This year the events with the greatest prospects are highlighted. These are the events that shape the face of the territory. These include: the theater festival in Avignon, the White Nights in Perm festival or the Venice Biennale.

The alumni holiday in St. Petersburg "Scarlet Sails" began in 2005 and has been held annually since then. Now it is already an international event. The name of the holiday and the staged plot were taken from the work of Alexander Grin.

In addition to the cultural capital, event tourism is successfully developing in other regions of the country. For many years, the Perm Territory has hosted numerous festivals that take place throughout almost the entire year: the Diaghilev seasons, the tenth festival of balloonists "Heavenly Fair of the Urals" and others.

The active development of event tourism has undoubtedly been noticed in Moscow as well. Among the successful Moscow tourist products today - "Night of Museums", the International Competition. Tchaikovsky, World Press Photo, Shirokaya Maslenitsa. A good example of a successful event is the Spasskaya Tower international military music festival. It is precisely such an event plan that forms a new eventful face not only of the capital, but also of the country.

In the Irkutsk Region, the first International Baikal Winter Games Festival "Zimniada" was held in the spring of 2003. Since then, the festival has become an annual traditional event. Now he has great popularity and fame even outside the region.

Event tourism began to develop in the country recently and still occupies a small share in the structure of the domestic tourist flow in Russia. But, despite this, today we have examples of good organization of bright event events at the regional and municipal levels. However, we must all understand that the existing event events cannot yet be classified as competitive at the world level.

Statistics for 2011 show that the domestic tourist flow in Russia amounted to thirty-three and three million people. According to experts, in 2012 the domestic tourist flow increased by ten percent and amounted to thirty-seven million two hundred ninety-nine thousand nine hundred and thirty people.

With the beginning of the implementation of the Federal Target Program "Development of domestic and inbound tourism in the Russian Federation (2011-2018)" tourism in Russia begins a new stage in its development.

The dynamics of the inbound flow of tourists testifies to its growth in 2011 by ten percent compared to 2010. And the number of trips of foreign tourists to our country for tourism purposes is small and in 2011 amounts to only two point, three tenths of a million.

Departure of Russian citizens for the purpose of tourism in 2011 increased in comparison with 2010 by eleven percent and amounted to fourteen million people. The share of tourism in the country's GDP in 2013 is 6.5%.

Today, the following trends in the development of domestic and inbound tourism in the Russian Federation can be noted:

Strengthening the role of tourism at the federal and regional levels;

Active development of interregional cooperation in the field of tourism;

Enhancing the promotion of the national tourist product in the world and domestic tourist markets.

Development of the most promising types of tourism.

In the course of analyzing the structure of the domestic Russian tourist flow, one can observe that beach vacations are more popular among our citizens (38%). And trips with cultural and educational purposes are chosen by 20% of tourists.

Event tourism in a large number of countries around the world refers to tourism activities associated with a variety of social events. Also rare natural phenomena, attracting large masses of compatriots and tourists from different countries with their uniqueness, exoticism, uniqueness.

Introduction

This paper deals with the topic “Event tourism as the most important factor in the development of a tourist center. Development of a jubilee tour to Yaroslavl ".

The relevance of this topic is determined by the following circumstances: firstly: the development of domestic and inbound tourism are priority types of tourism development in the Russian Federation, and secondly, Yaroslavl, having a huge tourist potential, is an underdeveloped tourist center ready to offer a wide range of tourist services. On the eve of the 1000th anniversary of the city, the promotion of Yaroslavl as a tourist center is becoming the most urgent.

The main goal of this work is to determine the role of event tourism as the most important factor in the development of a tourist center.

In view of the versatility of the topic, the following tasks are set in the work:

consider the features of event tourism;

identify possible factors influencing the development of the tourist center;

to analyze the current state of tourism in Yaroslavl;

analyze events dedicated to the anniversary of Yaroslavl;

determine the impact of event tours on tourism development;

analyze the possibilities for the development of event tours;

to develop a project of an event tour to Yaroslavl and recommendations for its promotion.

The object of research in this work is the tourist center itself, the factors influencing its development, the program of events dedicated to the anniversary of the city.

The subject of the research is event tours dedicated to the anniversary of the city.

This work consists of an introduction, three chapters of the main part, a conclusion, a list of used literature and applications. The first chapter is devoted to theoretical issues within the topic. The second chapter presents an analysis of the events dedicated to the celebration of the 1000th anniversary of Yaroslavl. There, the influence of events on the development of tourism in the region is determined, the possibilities of event tours are considered. The third chapter presents a project of an event tour, gives recommendations for its promotion in the domestic market. In the conclusion, the main results of the study are presented and the main conclusions are formulated about the importance of event tourism and its impact on the development of the tourist center.

Chapter 1. Sightseeing events as a factor in the development of tourism in the region

The purpose of this chapter is to review the literature to reveal the main topic of the diploma. To achieve this goal, the following questions are considered:

.The main motives of travel

.Event tourism

.Tourism development factors in the region

1 The main motives of travel

Tourism today is one of the most dynamically developing sectors of the world economy. Tourism is a powerful catalyst for the regional economy, an industry with high capital turnover rates, ROI and ROI.

In modern scientific literature, a lot of approaches to the definition of tourism have been considered, which generally define tourism as a special form of movement of people along a route in order to visit a specific object or satisfy a special interest and return to a place of permanent residence. Understanding the motivation of people going on a trip is an important factor in organizing travel. Tourism motives are understood as all those psychological and physical needs of people that make people think about a destination with a tourist purpose (a destination) that can satisfy their tourist needs and desires. There are many motives of tourism, which determine its various forms. Tourism motives differ in each specific destination in terms of intensity, which is determined by the ratio of the number of visitors with a certain motivation to the total number of visits by tourists to a particular area. The main types of tourism motives are:

climatic motives

cultural motives

economic motives

psychological motives

Local attractions affect a person's senses and can be the motive (purpose) of travel. Landmarks of the area can be countries or individual regions of the country, as well as geographic regions, cities, etc., in other words, any area that attracts the attention of tourists.

Sightseeing events - exhibitions, sporting events, international conferences, carnivals, festivals, religious ceremonies, etc. Tourists visit these places in connection with the events taking place there. In addition, there are a number of factors influencing tourist motives that are necessary in the formation of service programs.

It is customary to single out the dominant and secondary factors of tourist motivation, which have certain capabilities to increase their influence on consumer behavior and the process of making a decision about travel and the choice of a tourist product.

Thus, tourism motives as an essential element of demand are the object of a number of influences that may not be directly related to tourism, but at the same time affect both the volume and the forms of demand and the choice of tourism products and services. Some of these influences can be dominant, others are collateral, but they all have a certain ability to increase their influence on the decision to travel and the choice of a tourist product and naturally determine the purpose of the trip.

2 Event tourism

Today there are many types of tourism. Event tourism is a relatively young and extremely interesting direction. The main purpose of the trip is timed to some event. Unique tours that combine traditional relaxation and participation in the most spectacular events on the planet are gradually gaining more and more popularity.

Event tourism is an enduring holiday atmosphere, individual conditions for recreation and an unforgettable experience. The main feature of event tourism is a lot of bright and unique moments. This is a promising and dynamically developing type of tourism.

The target audience of event tourism is wealthy tourists with above average income, as well as companies consisting of several couples.

Event tourism can be classified by the scale of the event (national or international) and by the theme of the event.

In event tourism, there are several thematic types:

national festivals and holidays

theatrical shows

film and theater festivals

gastronomic festivals

flower festivals and exhibitions

fashion shows

auctions

music festivals and music competitions

sport events

Participants of event tours place increased demands on accommodation facilities, especially their classic type - hotels, transport (ease of delivery to the event site), catering establishments and the services of guides and interpreters. The peculiarity of event tourism is that every year it is replenished with new event tours, which from random to regular. The Olympics - the Summer and Winter Olympic Games - have taken a firm place in event tourism. Currently, a large and stable segment of event tourism is "carnival" tours.

It should be noted that event tourism is a unique type of tourism, since it is inexhaustible in content. It is assumed that in the near future the number of participants in event tours will exceed the number of participants in excursion tours. Among the events that attract tourists to Russia are major international sports competitions (the Kremlin Cup in tennis, hockey tournaments and football matches, the sports Festival of the North in the Murmansk region), cultural events - the Moscow International Film Festival, ethnic holidays (the Yakut holiday in honor of the onset of summer, weeks of culture and art of different countries or peoples) and religious (Russian Maslenitsa in Moscow). Anniversary celebrations in different cities attract visitors not only from Russia, but also from abroad. The most significant events that attracted significant tourist flows over the previous two years can be considered:

"65th Anniversary of Breaking the Siege of Leningrad"

City Day in Nizhny Novgorod

City Day in Moscow

"Day of the Leningrad Region"

"Birthday of Peter the Great"

St. Petersburg Day

In addition, it should be noted that for the participants of the Second World War all over the world, the reason for traveling to Russia is May 9 - the day of the end of the war. In recent years, relatives of the dead and surviving soldiers from Germany have been able to visit the graves of their relatives and friends in Russia. Events attractive to Russians take place in the summer in the southern cities of the country. These are carnivals - opening of the spa season in Gelendzhik and Anapa, music and film festivals, etc.

3 Factors of tourism development in the region

Being a complex socio-economic system, tourism is influenced by numerous factors, the role of which at each moment of time can be different in strength and duration of impact. Factors affecting tourism are classified into two types:

external (exogenous);

internal (endogenous).

External factors affect tourism through the changes taking place in the life of society and have unequal importance for different elements of the tourism system.

Natural-geographical (sea, mountains, forests, flora, fauna, climate, etc.) and cultural-historical (architectural, historical and cultural monuments) factors as the basis of tourist resources are decisive when tourists choose a particular region to visit. The richness of natural and cultural-historical resources, the possibility and convenience of their use have a significant impact on the scale, pace and direction of tourism development. In general, natural-geographical and cultural-historical factors create the preconditions for the development of tourism and have an enduring, unchanging value. A person can only adapt them to their needs and make them more accessible for tourist use.

The influence of economic factors on tourism is mainly due to the fact that there is a close relationship between the trends in the development of tourism and the economy. There is a direct relationship between the economic development of a country, the amount of national income and the material well-being of its citizens. Therefore, countries with developed economies, as a rule, lead the world market in terms of the number of tourist trips of their citizens. Economic factors also include inflation, interest rates, fluctuations in real exchange rates. Thus, changes in exchange rates significantly affect the volume of tourist flows between countries with strong and weak currencies. Tourism has a significant impact on the economy and development of the region, contributing to the inflow of foreign exchange into the country, the creation of new jobs, the improvement of infrastructure, etc. To get the maximum benefit from tourism, each state develops a tourism policy, which is one of the types of socio-economic policy of the state.

The main directions of tourist policy in Russia are:

protection of the rights of travelers

protection of the interests of manufacturers of domestic tourism products

comprehensive support for domestic and inbound tourism, which manifests itself in the form of: direct investment in the formation of tourism infrastructure, scientific and advertising and information support for the promotion of the national tourism product in the global tourism market, tax and customs incentives that stimulate the inflow of investment.

In accordance with the role of tourism in the revival of the country's economic potential, the Federal Law "On the Basics of Tourism Activities in the Russian Federation" recognizes tourism as a priority branch of the Russian economy. At the same time, it was determined that the main direction of state support should be the development of entry and domestic tourism... Analysis of the current state of the tourist market shows that the main countries supplying tourists to our country are: Germany, Finland, USA, Great Britain, Italy, France and Japan.

Due to its geographical position, Russia is not and cannot become a country of mass entry of tourists for the purpose of traditional beach recreation. Nevertheless, the cultural, historical, natural potential of the country is enormous, and with the correct organization of marketing work, as well as the improvement and development of tourist infrastructure, including the formation of tourist display facilities based on the development of historical centers, the number of foreign tourists can grow significantly.

At the same time, the demand for tourist services within the country is constantly growing. At the same time, the discrepancy between the existing tourist product and modern tourist demand is clearly revealed. The reason for this lies in the almost complete absence of two or three-star tourist class hotels, which offer high-quality service, and the low level of training of personnel to work in the tourist market. In general, Russia, despite its huge tourism potential, remains one of the few countries with a low level of domestic tourism development.

Among the social factors in the development of tourism, first of all, it is necessary to note an increase in the duration of free time of the population (reduction in working hours, an increase in the duration of annual vacations), which, combined with an increase in the standard of living of the population, means an influx of new potential tourists. Among the social factors in the development of tourism is also an increase in the level of education, culture, and aesthetic needs of the population. Research shows that there is a direct relationship between educational attainment and travel propensity.

Political and legal factors have a significant impact on the development of tourism: the political situation in the world and in individual countries; border opening policy; relaxation of administrative control in the field of tourism; unification of tax and monetary policy.

Technological factors associated with advances in technology and technology have a significant impact on the development of tourism, opening up opportunities for the production of new types of services, their marketing and improvement of customer service. The development of science and technology contributes to the improvement of the means of mass production of tourist services (hotel industry, transport, travel agencies).

Environmental factors have the most direct impact on tourism, since the environment is the basis and potential of tourism activities.

Internal factors affecting tourism are key phenomena and trends that manifest themselves directly in its field. These primarily include the material and technical factors associated with the development of accommodation facilities, transport, catering establishments, consumer services, the recreational sector, retail trade, etc.

Internal factors also include factors of the tourism market:

Demand, supply and distribution processes

The growing role of market segmentation (the emergence of new intraregional tourist segments, an increase in travel distances, a variety of vacation forms, an increase in short-term stays, an increase in diversification tourism development in the established tourist space, etc.)

The growing role of coordination of activities in tourism and monopolization processes (strengthening of horizontal integration, i.e. the growth of partnerships between large firms and small and medium-sized businesses, vertical integration through the creation of strategic tourism unions, etc.).

The growing role of the media and public relations in the promotion, advertising and sale of developed tourism products.

The growing role of personnel in tourism (increasing the number of employees, developing a professional and qualification structure, increasing the importance of vocational training, improving the organization of labor, etc.).

The growing role of the private tourism business (creating conditions under which a limited number of large transnational operators and a significant number of small enterprises operate on the market, the effective sale of tourism products based on professional marketing is carried out, which gives rise to the need for staff training).

Seasonality takes a special place among the factors influencing the development of tourism, which is the most important specific problem.

Thus, according to the first section, it can be concluded that the development of event tourism plays an important role in the development of the entire tourism industry in the region. This is due to the following:

Certain events in the life and history of the region may well be the primary motive for travel.

the development of event tourism in the region is quite beneficial for the entire region. The advantages of its development from an economic point of view are as follows:

increase in cash flow

development of tourism industry and infrastructure

growth of gross national product

creation of new jobs in the region

reforming the structure of recreation and entertainment that can be used by both tourists and the local population

an increase in tax collection in the host region;

From a social point of view:

tourism is the best way to get acquainted with the culture of countries and peoples

the basis of event tourism is the historical and cultural potential of the country, which includes the entire socio-cultural environment with traditions and customs, features of household and economic activities.

event tourism is an important vehicle for creating cultural ties and international cooperation.

In addition, the main feature of event tourism can be considered the possibility of its constant development, because it is inexhaustible, it is annually replenished with new event tours, from events these tours become permanent.

Chapter 2. Analysis of the impact of jubilee events dedicated to the celebration of the 1000th anniversary of Yaroslavl on the development of tourism in the region

The purpose of this chapter is to analyze the impact of event tourism on the development of a tourism center. To achieve this goal, the following questions are considered:

Analysis of the current state of tourism in the region.

Analysis of the program of measures to prepare for the celebration of the anniversary of the city.

Analysis of the possibilities for the development of tours dedicated to the celebration of the 1000th anniversary of Yaroslavl.

1 Analysis of the current state of tourism in the region

The importance of tourism development for the Yaroslavl region is determined by the richest historical and cultural heritage, favorable natural conditions and resources, geographical proximity to the capital, transport accessibility, traditions in the field of tourist services. According to the rating agency "Expert RA", the Yaroslavl region in terms of tourism potential ranks high 17th in Russia. The presence in the Yaroslavl region of various tourist resources creates conditions for many types of tourism: cultural and educational, cruise, medical and recreational, business and event, environmental and adventure, rural, hunting and fishing.

Tourism is one of the most important intersectoral areas of the modern economy, aimed at improving the level and quality of life of the population. At the same time, unlike many other sectors of the economy, tourism does not lead to depletion of resources. Recreation of the population (or recreation), using practically the same resources as tourism, is a complementary sphere of economic activity. Therefore, it is advisable to consider and develop both tourism and recreation together within the framework of the tourism industry.

According to the strategy of socio-economic development of the Yaroslavl region until 2030, tourism is one of the priority areas for the development of the region.

The main problem that needs to be addressed is the insufficient socio-economic efficiency of using the existing tourist and recreational potential of the Yaroslavl region, as well as the lack of attractiveness, popularity and quality of the integrated tourist product of the region.

The implementation of regional target programs of state support for inbound and domestic tourism has made it possible for 6 years, starting from 2002, to increase the number of tourists and sightseers received by the region by more than 2.1 times, to increase the volume of tourist and hotel services by 3.7 times. The Yaroslavl region, according to official data, ranks 4th in the Central Federal District in terms of the number of visitors after Moscow, Moscow and Vladimir regions. In 2007, the region received 1,015 thousand tourists and excursionists, incl. more than 234 thousand foreign citizens.

According to statistics, in 2009 travel agencies and hotels of the region provided services worth more than 929 million rubles. The total receipts from tourists entering the Yaroslavl region amounted to more than 1.8 billion rubles.

An increase in the quantitative indicators of the tourism industry is not always accompanied by an improvement in the quality of the development of the industry. The efficiency of the tourism industry is significantly constrained by the lack of definition of the final financial, socio-economic and other results of the industry in the system of state statistics; lack of mechanisms for cross-sectoral coordination of tourism development; the absence of a section "Tourism" in the budget classification; lack of preferences for investment in tourism infrastructure. The lack of understanding of the tourism industry as an independent industry ultimately leads to a vague definition of the industry's performance and the lack of a clear strategic vision of the development directions of the tourism industry.

In the near future, the complication of tasks facing the tourism industry of the region, general trends in consumer demand dictate the need to apply government incentives and support for the development of the tourism industry in the Yaroslavl region that are adequate to the new realities, which means, in fact, a new stage in the development of the tourism industry.

Today the region faces a serious task - the need to form a modern tourism and recreation industry based on more intensive use of the tourist potential. If we do not deal with this problem, then in the next few years this niche will be occupied by neighboring regions.

So, today, according to experts, the Yaroslavl region in terms of the volume of the tourist flow is not only ahead of the Vladimir region due to the large reception of guests in the cities of Vladimir and Suzdal, but also catching up with the Tver region, which uses its potential of location between Moscow and St. Petersburg, Ivanovskaya and Kostroma region, which are developing small hotel chains.

Thus, ensuring the tourist attractiveness of the region largely depends on the state of the general infrastructure of the region, which requires large investments, an integrated approach and interdepartmental coordination in managing their development, highlighting priorities in state support for implementation. investment projects... The lack of purposeful work to improve the efficiency of using the existing tourist and recreational potential of the Yaroslavl region may result in the impossibility of achieving one of the most important strategic goals of the socio-economic development of the region - the development of the tourism industry, lagging behind the pace of its development in neighboring regions. Ultimately, this will negatively affect the increase in the level and quality of life of the region's population. In view of the above, it can be concluded that for the development of tourism in the region, it is necessary to make the most of all the available tourism potential, and given the upcoming 1000th anniversary of the city, this issue may be more relevant than ever.

2 Analysis of the program of events in preparation for the celebration of the anniversary of the city

In connection with the upcoming celebration of the 1000th anniversary of the founding of Yaroslavl, as well as in order to implement the order of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1259-r dated September 7, 2006, the regional administration approved an action plan for the preparation and celebration of the 1000th anniversary of the founding of the city Yaroslavl for 2006-2010. The list of activities is further presented in the table, in order to identify the ongoing activities on the development of the tourist center, the impact of this or that event on the tourism industry is determined, the results are more specifically reflected in the diagram.

Table. Influence of events dedicated to the anniversary of the city on the development of tourism in the region

Influence on tourism development Event name Development of material and technical base Development of tourism infrastructure Creation of a positive image of the region and promotion of a tourist center Development of tourist resources International festival of theatrical art "We owe everything to Volkov, Volkov, Volkov!" FG Volkova +++ Regional research conference of local lore schoolchildren "Fatherland", dedicated to the 1000th anniversary of the founding of Yaroslavl +++ International symposium on hot enamels, dedicated to the 1000th anniversary of Yaroslavl ++ Museum and exhibition megaprojects "Yaroslav the Wise and His Time", "The Golden Age of Yaroslavl" ++ Great musical dedication to the city of Yaroslavl "Music of the Millennium" +++ Inclusion of the 1000th anniversary of Yaroslavl in the UNESCO list of memorable dates and holding anniversary presentations at the headquarters of the organization in Paris ++ Participation in the organization and holding of the interregional exhibition-fair "Yaroslavl hospitable" ++ Fair "Yaroslavl Maslenitsa - the best carnival of the country" ++ All-Russian festival of national culture (Academy of Russian culture) ++ Exhibition-fair "Producers of the Yaroslavl region for children "++ Competition" The best enterprise of trade - to the 1000th anniversary of the founding of Yaroslavl "++ Competition" The best enterprise of the service industry - to the 1000th anniversary of the founding of Yaroslavl "+++ Review - competition of products with symbols of the city and other products about Yaroslavl ++ Restoration of objects of religious architecture of the 17th-19th centuries + Restoration of museum items and museum collections that are part of the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation + Participation in the organization and conduct of All-Russian competitions in aircraft modeling sports + ++ Organization and holding of the international student festival "STATUS" dedicated to the celebration of the 1000th anniversary of the founding of Yaroslavl ++ Governor's youth ball dedicated to the celebration of the 1000th anniversary of the founding of Yaroslavl ++ Intellectual game for the Cup of the Governor of the region, dedicated to the celebration of 1000 -years anniversary of the founding of Yaroslavl ++ Participation in the organization and holding of the international festival of folk sports ++ Participation in the organization and holding of the interregional tourist festival "Yaroslavl - the pearl of the Golden Ring" +++ Participation in the organization and holding of the interregional conference "Yaroslavl is a large center development of event tourism "+++ Organization and holding of the international festival" Yaroslavl. Upper Volga architecture. A glance through the millennium ”+++ Presentation and promotion of tourism opportunities in the city. Yaroslavl and other cities of the region at international tourism exhibitions +++ Development and manufacture of multipurpose exhibition equipment ++ Publication of books from the series "Yaroslavl Archives" +++ Creation and release of a compact disc "Economic potential of the city of Yaroslavl and the Yaroslavl region" (in Russian and English languages) ++ Media coverage of the events held by the Regional Administration in connection with the preparation and celebration of the 1000th anniversary of the founding of Yaroslavl ++ Opening of the anniversary site "1000th anniversary of Yaroslavl" on the Internet +++ Press organization -tours to the Yaroslavl region for representatives of federal, foreign and regional media ++ Reconstruction of the passage between buildings No. 1 and No. 2 of GOU YaO TsDYu (21 Dzerzhinsky Ave.) +++ Reconstruction of the GA YaO building with the addition of a specialized archive storage ( 68 Sovetskaya st.) +++ Construction and equipping of a training center for training service industry specialists +++ Purchase of reabi lithiation and technological equipment for stationary institutions of social services for the population of the region ++ Equipping the laboratory for ensuring the safety of documents of the State Autonomous Okrug with new equipment ++

This diagram reflects the impact of events dedicated to the 1000th anniversary of Yaroslavl on the development of tourism in the region. The planned events can have the greatest impact on creating a positive image of the region and promoting the tourist center, they also contribute to the development of tourism infrastructure, however, it should be noted that the program does not provide for the radical development of the material and technical base of tourism, which could be reflected in the development of the hotel industry and industry. entertainment.

Based on the above, we can conclude that events dedicated to anniversaries and events, provided that they are well organized, confirm their high efficiency in promoting the region on the tourist services market, increase the investment attractiveness and image of the region, form new tourist flows, and contribute to an increase in demand. ...

2.3 Analysis of the development opportunities for tours dedicated to the celebration of the 1000th anniversary of Yaroslavl

In order to identify the prospects for the development of event tours, the strengths and weaknesses in their promotion are considered, the opportunities and impending threats in their implementation in the tourism market are considered, the conclusions are obtained as a result of a SWOT analysis.

The strengths of the development of event tourism in Yaroslavl can be:

Favorable economic and geographical position (proximity to Moscow, availability of all types of transport routes, location on the Volga)

The richest historical and cultural heritage, a high concentration of tourist display objects

To belong to tourist route"Gold ring of Russia"

Sustainable development of hotel infrastructure

Rich traditions of hospitality, experience in receiving and serving tourists

Availability of an established calendar of tourist events

Weaknesses in the development of event tourism in Yaroslavl may be:

Insufficient visibility of the region in Russia and poor visibility abroad

Lack of a high-quality information system for tourists in the region

Weak focus on achieving the final result in the implementation of regional marketing planning to promote the tourism opportunities of the region

Poor use of the significant tourist and recreational potential of the region

Lack of event projects that can attract different categories of tourists

Lack of strong travel brands

Favorable opportunities for the development of event tours in Yaroslavl:

Prospects for attracting additional funds for the development of the tourism industry, the implementation of significant events and projects within the framework of federal targeted programs and extra-budgetary sources.

The presence of a steady demand for visiting objects of historical and cultural heritage of the Yaroslavl region, including due to the promotion of the city of Yaroslavl in the tourist market in connection with the celebration of the 1000th anniversary of the city

Recovery of the Russian market for short-term travel (weekend tours)

Possible threats to the development of event tours in Yaroslavl:

Increased competition from other regions due to more efficient use of tourism and recreation potential

Increased competition in competition for investment resources from other constituent entities of the Russian Federation

Insufficient number of long-term investments in tourism infrastructure and landscaping

Instability of demand in the tourist services market as a result of the influence of seasonality and other factors

eventful yaroslavl travel jubilee

SWOT Matrix

Opportunities 1,2,3 Threats 1,2,3,4,5 Strengths 1,2,3,4,5,6 Field CV Field CY Weaknesses 1,2,3,4,5,6 Field СЛиВ СЛиУ Field As a result of the analysis, it can be concluded that the development of event tourism can be quite promising and will significantly increase the flow of tourists. Since the anniversary of the city provides a tremendous opportunity in the near future to give a significant impetus to attracting tourists to the region, it is necessary to take into account, first of all, the interest of the city administration in the development of the material and technical base of tourism and infrastructure. Information coverage of the event will play a big role in attracting tourists and promoting the tourist center.

In the course of the analysis of the considered provisions, it can be concluded that Yaroslavl has great potential for the development of tourism in the region. But at the moment, the current state of tourism in Yaroslavl is not at the proper level, this is due to insufficient funding of the tourism industry and information awareness, Yaroslavl may be a more popular tourist center, especially given its location directly near Moscow and good transport accessibility. The material and technical base of tourism is underdeveloped, which leads to a shortage of places to accommodate tourists and resources for high-quality services. Nevertheless, Yaroslavl has an ancient history, cultural values ​​of global significance. Analysis of the events dedicated to the 1000th anniversary of Yaroslavl showed that event tourism can be used as the main "lever" for the development of the region as a large permanent tourist center.

Chapter 3. Development of the anniversary tour to Yaroslavl

The purpose of this chapter is to develop a jubilee tour to Yaroslavl. In the course of the work, technological documentation related to the design of the tour was formed, as well as recommendations were given to travel companies for the effective promotion of the tour in the domestic market.

3.1 Verbal model

Route: St. Petersburg - Yaroslavl - St. Petersburg

Duration: 5 days / 4 nights

Number of tourists in a group: 20 people

Type of tourism:

by target - event tour

geographically - internal

by source of funding - commercial

by the way of movement - stationary

by the number of participants - group

by organizational form - organized

Service class: economic

Transport: railway, intra-route transportation - bus

Tags: Event tourism as the most important factor in the development of a tourist center. Development of an anniversary tour to Yaroslavl

Final qualifying work

Prospects for the development of event tourism in the Krasnodar Territory

Introduction

event Krasnodar tourism

The relevance of this topic lies in the fact that every tour operator company is interested in providing a competitive tour product to the tourist market. And Event tourism is a very popular and rapidly developing type of tourism at the moment.

The constantly growing interest of travelers in event tourism in general in Russia and abroad, as well as the high resource potential of the Krasnodar Territory for the development of this specific direction, can serve as the basis for the development of professionally organized event tourism in Russia as a whole. Based on the analysis of event tourism in this region, it is possible to predict the potential for its further implementation and assess the contribution to economic development. Thus, the research data allow us to conclude that this type of tourism has great development prospects.

Research objectis event tourism in Russia and the Krasnodar Territory.

Subject of study- prospects for the development of event tourism.

Objective- to identify the problems of the development of event tourism in Russia and the Krasnodar Territory and outline ways to solve them.

To achieve this goal, the following were set and resolved. tasks:

-identify the place of event tourism on the Russian tour services market;

-analyze the state of event tourism in Russia and the Krasnodar Territory;

-to identify the problems of the development of event tourism in the Krasnodar Territory;

-to outline the ways of solving the problems identified in the course of work.

The theoretical basis of the researchbegan the works: Alexandrova A.Yu., Babkina A.V., Balabanov I.T., Birzhakova M.B. and other authors.

Research methodsused in writing the thesis: descriptive, comparative, method of analysis and synthesis, graphic and statistical.

1. Theoretical foundations of event tourism

.1 Historical aspects of the development of event tourism in the world

Such type of tourism as event tourism is now gaining great popularity. A superficial analysis of the demand of the tourist market shows that at the moment there is an increase in interest in festival, event events, during which the tourist gets more positive emotions from the trip than from a simple beach tour, even with a rich excursion program.

Event tourism is a very young and extremely interesting direction. The main purpose of the trip is timed to coincide with some interesting or important event. Unique tours, combining participation in the most spectacular events on the planet and traditional recreation, are gradually gaining more and more popularity.

Event tourism is a type of tourism aimed at visiting an area at a specific time. Associated with rare natural phenomena, as well as with a variety of significant social events, attracting large numbers of tourists from foreign countries with their uniqueness, originality. It will include cultural, ethnographic, sports, folklore, exhibition tourism events. There are many countries in the world, and in each of them events from the field of culture, art and sports take place - something of historical, cultural, sporting value and importance.

Event tourism is a festive atmosphere, individual conditions for recreation and an unforgettable experience. The main feature is the many bright and unique moments.

This type of tourism involves the satisfaction of a person's need to attend a particular event.

One of the main features of event tourism is its many bright and unique moments.

In the case of event tourism, an event should be understood as a set of phenomena that stand out for their ambiguity, significance for a given society or humanity as a whole, for small groups. It can be in the form of a one-time unique phenomenon or periodic observed, observed annually or at certain periods of time. The tourism business always actively uses events to attract tourists to the event and the formation of a tourist product. The most important thing in the formation of tours of this kind, as a rule, is advance planning.

It happens that in the life of a tourist object there is no event that has developed historically as a tradition, then it is invented on purpose. Consequently, there is an attraction of a mass of visitors and a campaign to promote an event-oriented tourism product, therefore, income from tourists who want to visit the facility not only for sightseeing, but also for the purpose of participating in the celebration themselves together with local residents and share their joy.

During the period of the planned event, the activity of the objects of the tourism industry sharply intensifies. Foreign countries occupy the leading positions in the rest of such a plan. Russia is no exception. Work is underway in the country in order to become one of the countries with a high "event" potential and obtain the rights to hold public events, and, accordingly, attract many thousands of wealthy tourists.

The target audience for event tourism is multi-couples and affluent tourists with above average income.

Of course, it should be noted that the high price has a huge impact on the implementation of these tours. The cost of event trips is quite high, as a result of which these tours are available to people of about the same circle with high incomes and similar requirements. "Event" tourists are ready to pay very substantial sums for the opportunity to attend a festival of interest to him or visit a desired sports competition abroad. In this situation, it is not easy for others who wish. For the rest of the category of tourists, with an average income, there is an opportunity to participate in an event tour "with no entrance ticket". As in any business for the consumer, there are alternatives, so is the process of selling event tours. These are tours with participation in carnivals, folk festivals, city large-scale celebrations, etc. not requiring payment for their visit, but giving, like an expensive one, a lot of positive emotions.

Analysis of the specifics of the dedicated business, the extensive use of advertising means to promote tourism of this type, the selection of individual tours that meet the requirements and wishes of customers, the content of which would orient the consumer to purchase this product and the formation of a tour in advance for the desired event is the key to the success of the tourism market with the sold event.

Participants of such tours have increased requirements for accommodation facilities, especially for their classic type - hotels, transport (ease of delivery to the event site), for the services of guides, translators and catering establishments. The peculiarity of event tourism is that every year it replenishes with new event tours, which from random to regular. Currently, a large and stable segment of event tourism is "carnival" tours.

When organizing "carnival" tours, a number of tourists' requirements should be taken into account:

availability of restaurants and quality food;

the location of the hotel - next to the place where carnival events are held;

interior of rooms and colors;

the architecture of the hotel is old style;

the presence of shops or rental centers for carnival costumes.

number of service personnel.

During the season, tourist centers host whole cycles of events in the touring and entertainment industry, performances by famous artists, famous singers and musicians, and theater groups. Art festivals are of great importance.

Fairs, exhibitions and tourist exchanges are an important link in tourism activities in the field of promoting tourism products. By their nature and economic essence, the following are distinguished:

1.Exhibitions exposition, exhibition, ausstellung are regularly organized retail and wholesale events with limited time, where exhibitors present goods and services of several or one industry on the basis of demonstration of exhibition samples.

2.Fairs messe, trade fair, foire - regularly organized wholesale and retail market events with limited time, where a significant number of exhibitors sell characteristic services and products of one or several industries.

In the field of exhibition activities, there are tourist exchanges bourse, market. There is a classification of exhibitions according to various signs and criteria, according to the criterion of participants - into national, international, interregional, local. The main feature of an international exhibition is the participation of at least ten percent of exhibitors and at least five percent of visitors and specialists from different countries. Interregional exhibitions are characterized by the composition of exhibitors from different regions, while regional exhibitions are characterized by the belonging of exhibitors and products to the same region. National exhibitions are held domestically and abroad to promote the country's products to foreign and domestic markets and are characterized by the belonging of the exhibitors to the same country. Interregional exhibitions are characterized by the composition of exhibitors from one country.

Modern means of transportation have greatly changed the nature of travel in space and now allow travel in time. It is known for certain that organized tours from England to France took place as early as 1815. The writer and traveler D. Galinayany was the organizer and initiator of such tours for the general public from London to Paris. Already in 1829, the world's first travel guide was published and prepared by K. Baedeker. His name is known today. This guide is published to this day and is very popular among tourists traveling in Europe.

Technological progress gave a huge impetus to the development of mass tourism. In 1830, the world's first railroad between Liverpool and Manchester went into operation, which in principle changed the time frame for travel. Travel, which previously took weeks, is now available to everyone and at a relatively low price.

Thomas Cook, a Baptist pastor today recognized as the founder of modern tourism, was the first to recognize the essence and benefits of massive organized travel by travelers and in 1843 organized the first railroad tour for his flock. In 1851 he organized the participation of the British from all provinces of the country in the international exhibition in Paris. He managed to bring 165 thousand visitors to the exhibition at a time. Exhibition tours proved to be profitable, and Cook became in 1855 the organizer of a massive visit by tourists from England to the World Exhibition in Paris. Since 1856, travel to Europe has become regular, Cook's travel agency and many branches have been created. The fantastic success of the travel company is confirmed by the published catalog of 8000 hotels and inns in which Cook offered accommodation to tourists. More than 1 million tourists have already become clients of the Thomas Cook travel agency in 1864. Regular steamship service between the European and American continents was opened in 1832 and in 1866 Cook sends the first two groups of tourists to the United States. The tours were long and lasted up to 5 months. Among the eminent American tourists who used the services of Thomas Cook, we should mention Mark Twain, who traveled in a group of 60 people and subsequently described this trip in detail in one of his stories. Thomas Cook was the first to offer a round-the-world trip to everyone in 1872, putting the round-the-world tour on an industrial basis. The first 20 travelers completed the round-the-world tour in 220 days. Thomas Cook died in 1892, his work was continued by his son, and then by his grandchildren and companions. The company significantly expanded its area of ​​activity, becoming a large financial institution, it began to issue traveler's checks for travelers. Today, Thomas Cook owns 12,000 travel agencies worldwide and serves 20 million tourists and hosts its own travel exhibitions.

Event tourism has also developed. The emergence and development of varieties of event tourism took place at different times. The carnival has a very ancient history, its roots go back to distant pagan times, 10 thousand years before the birth of Christ. The word carnaval itself goes back to the Latin expression carrum novalis - after the name of the ritual ship-carriage, which served in ancient European countries to move during the holidays along the streets of the city of idols of fertility. Other sources claim that the word "carnival" comes from the expression carnelevale, which means "goodbye to meat" in Italian, which indicates the beginning of Christian fasting.

The ancient Saturnalia are at the origin of the carnivals. With the onset of the holidays dedicated to the Roman god of harvest and fertility, Saturn, festivities were organized, which were based on the idea of ​​reincarnation. These days, lords and slaves were equal, they could feast at the same table. At the same time, the gentlemen did not hesitate to bring food to their slaves. At the beginning of the Saturnalia, a false king was elected by the people, whose fate was as follows: at the end of the holidays, he had to commit suicide, otherwise he would still die from a knife, fire or noose.

Celebrations in Ancient Rome took place over several weeks:

from November 24 to December 17 - is a carnival procession of mummers and dances, which initially imitated various actions in the making of wine and harvesting and were aimed at increasing the fertility of the land and all nature.

from December 18 to December 23 - unusual merry Saturnalia accompanied by circus performances. The whole action ended with the sacrifice of the pig;

January 1-5 - New Year's calendars, accompanied by processions of mummers, who danced and sang songs ridiculing the highest nobility: nobles, clergymen, judicial officials. It should be noted that the church did not approve of these holidays, referring them to the intrigues of the devil;

City holidays of the Middle Ages, with their vivid shows, masquerades and entertainment, date back to pagan rituals and cults. Thus, the New Year's Roman pagan holiday calendars, to which the church opposed its own Christmas cycle, was celebrated in Byzantium until the 13th century. ...

There are many versions of when exactly the first carnival took place. The first mention of it dates back to the XI century. At that time, namely in 1094, the Republic of Venice received, under an agreement with Byzantium, a house in Constantinople and additional advantages in the taxation of goods, which made it the de facto leader of Mediterranean trade. This event was marked by a holiday that became the first Venice Carnival. According to the second version, the Venice Carnival was first held in 998, thus the Venetians celebrated an extremely important event - the return of young brides kidnapped by pirates from Istria. The Venetians managed to beat them off and in honor of this they arranged a holiday. Finally, according to the third version, the first carnival took place in 1162. The inhabitants of the Venetian Republic danced and rejoiced in St. Mark's Square, celebrating the glorious victory in the war against Patriarch Ulrico.

At that time, however, as now, the carnival had many similarities with Shrovetide. These holidays have preserved a variety of ceremonial and ritual customs that date back to pagan beliefs. The ceremonies were carried out in order to adequately spend the winter and call spring, the days of the carnival marked the beginning of a new calendar cycle. The most common carnival fun was lighting candles, bonfires, which resembled the ancient Roman spring holidays, when traditional rituals were lighting a fire on the altar of Vesta, cleansing with water, solemn processions, horse racing, dressing, pouring water.

In France, the carnival was held on New Year's holidays. In the Middle Ages, the masquerade sought to withstand the onslaught and persecutions of the Inquisition. Naturally, the church was against fun and dancing. She had great power over the people, which literally affected everyone.

However, no prohibitions could prevent the development of carnival culture in the cities of the Middle Ages. In this regard, carnival holidays began to be held not only on New Years, but also at other times. They constantly changed their names:

"The Feast of the King of Beans";

"The Fox Procession";

"Holiday of the Crazy";

"A modest holiday";

"Feast of the Innocents".

The participants of the carnival dressed up in old dresses, the clothes of buffoons and buffoons and merrily paraded through the streets to the accompaniment of music, noise, singing, and shouting.

Amazing performances carried out by itinerant theaters, and absolutely free of charge, comedies and comic banners with which the mummers went out into the street, attracted the eyes of visitors.

Dances took a huge place in the carnival action. In the Middle Ages, dances were folk and court dances. Of course, folk dances were distinguished by simplicity, recklessness, naturalness and gaiety.

The city authorities tried to protect themselves, so the headman or, as he was called otherwise, the best man was chosen for the procession. This man was obliged to be responsible for all the actions of the crowd. In the event that unforeseen circumstances happened, they asked from him. There were cases when the headman had to contribute a rather large amount of money, as a guarantee that the carnival would go off with a bang. If, during the holiday, damage to public property was suddenly caused, the pledge was taken into the city treasury. If everything went more or less normally, the money was returned to the owner.

One of the very important features of the carnival is profanity, which is aimed at reducing traditionally high images. This also includes carnival blasphemy, vulgar parodies of sacred texts, obscenities. It was this feature that caused the French King Charles IV to ban masquerades and carnivals in 1399. And in 1509, an edict of the French parliament confirmed this prohibition, and it was in effect until the end of the 17th century. ...

But nevertheless, the people's love for this holiday of fun and laughter, dancing and festivities, masks and dressing up, was so strong that at the beginning of the 18th century. the carnival is back again, although not completely. The masquerade finally defended its position only during the French Revolution. At the same time, he did not change and retained the same features that were inherent in him back in the XII century. ...

Mysteries and masquerades organized at Christmas were the most cheerful and colorful celebrations. Mysteries were invented by the intelligent society of that time: home teachers, doctors, theologians, lawyers, scientists. Leading theatrical performances, the responsibility was assumed by the upper bourgeoisie of the city, only this did not affect the nature of the mysteries. They remained the same massive amateur art. The well-known "Mystery of the Old Testament" has survived to this day, which included 242 characters. Its scope was truly wide: 38 separate episodes, 50 thousand verses. This mystery depicted the history of the creation of the world, biblical miracles, the rebellion of Lucifer against God. The great one was to play God or angels, Lucifer, Adam or Eve. In addition to such mysteries, which considered the global side of the universe, there were also performances on everyday topics that raised ordinary, ordinary, but no less important problems that interested the public.

Unfortunately, in France in 1548, at the center of the development of the mystery, these performances were recognized as apolitical, which was the reason for their prohibition.

After the fall of the Venetian Republic, the noisy celebration of carnivals gradually began to subside. And in 1797, French troops captured Italy, and by Napoleon's decree, carnivals were banned, and for many years. But since after the end of the Second World War Venice turned into a major tourist center of Europe and began to revive to a new life - new theaters, cafes, museums, hotel restaurants were opened - it turned out that the city is full of tourists only in summer, and in winter all cultural attractions empty. It was then that they remembered about the carnival, and actively began to implement the idea of ​​rebirth. This happened in the late 70s. XX century In Venice, in 1980, after a long hiatus, the carnival took place on Piazza San Marco again. A special sign was the paper dove soaring into the sky. From that day on, the paper dove flies into the air annually and symbolizes the life force of the carnival. Every year at the end of winter, a huge number of tourists flock to Venice. Sometimes their number exceeds the number of citizens living in the city.

The most magnificent and popular carnival is, without any doubt, the Venetian one. Also, on the eve of spring, a heady carnival covers all of Italy (especially Rome), Austria and Germany, the Canaries and Spain, France and Switzerland, as well as some countries in South America. The Brazilian carnival in recent decades is not much inferior to the Venice one.

1.2 Types of event tourism

Tourist flows are often determined by special events, such as fairs, international exhibitions, competitions, carnivals, festivals, sporting events, visiting which is the essence of event tourism.

Event tourism can be classified by the scale of the event and by its theme. In terms of scale, events are divided into national and regional levels. There are also several thematic types:

St. Patrick's Festival in London (UK);

Love Parade in Berlin (Germany);

festival of cultures in Berlin (Germany);

the parade of sexual minorities Pride Amsterdam in Amsterdam (Netherlands);

St. Patrick's Festival in Dublin (Ireland);

the parade of sexual minorities Pride London in London (UK);

parade of military tattoos in Edinburgh (Scotland);

celebration of the birthday of Napoleon Bonaparte, Ajaccio (Corica);

Theatrical shows:

Lord of the Dance show (UK);

a holiday on ice, Mystery show (Germany);

ice festival, show Romanza, Vienna (Austria);

holiday on ice, show Romanza (Germany);

Festival "Circus of the Future", Paris (France);

Film and theater festivals:

Cannes Festival, Cannes (France);

theatrical festival Spierlart, Munich (Germany);

festival "Cherry Forest", Moscow (Russia);

short film festival in Oberhausen (Germany);

Opera Festival, Verona (Italy);

Gastronomic festivals:

festival of young wine Beaujolais Nouveau (France);

Great British Festival, London (UK);

Parisian Chocolate Salon, Paris (France);

Seafood Festival, Grove Island (Spain);

Oktoberfest, Munich (Germany);

international beer festival, Berlin (Germany);

Chrysanthemum Festival (Japan);

tulip exhibition (Netherlands);

Bonsai Festival, Nara (Japan);

flower exhibition at Hampton Court Palace, London (UK);

flower show in Chelsea, London (UK);

Fashion shows:

Ready to Wear, Paris (France);

Milano Moda Bouna, Milan (Italy);

Men s Fashion, Paris (France);

7. Auctions:

Sotheby's auctions;

Druo auctions, Paris (France);

Christie's auctions;

Capricies Festival, Crans Montana (Switzerland);

Snow and Symphony Festival, St. Moritz (Switzerland);

Ars Musica festival, Brussels (Belgium);

Henley Music and Arts Festival (UK);

the Pink Pop festival of pop music, Landgraaf (Netherlands);

jazz festival in Montreux (Switzerland);

TDK TIME WARP festival, Mannheim (Germany);

Jazz Festival in Stockholm (Sweden);

music contest "Eurovision";

music competition named after P.I. Tchaikovsky, Moscow (Russia);

Sport events:

auto racing NASCAR, USA;

auto racing Formula 1;

Olympiads and international competitions;

motorcycle racing;

motor show in Geneva (Switzerland);

aerospace salon in Zhukovsky (Russia);

"Salon of Watches", Geneva, Zurich (Switzerland).

air show on the island of Langkawi (Malaysia);

air show in Le Bourget, Paris (France);

car showroom in Moscow (Russia);

air show in Zhuhai (PRC).

An international exhibition is a demonstration of goods in front of foreign experts, the general public and consumers, in order to acquaint with the results of scientific progress and advanced achievements in relevant industries.

Exhibitions are a profitable resource for conducting and organizing marketing research. Because they provide organizations with a wealth of application information. Each exhibition is important in terms of material costs.

International exhibitions and fairs are a kind of showcase of achievements in the most important areas of human activity. The main functions of international exhibitions and fairs are the dissemination of world culture, the exchange of scientific and technical information, advertising of products and the expansion of foreign trade relations. Exhibitions and fairs occupy a large place in the stock of advertising means, as they present very wide opportunities for the demonstration of advertised products for establishing direct contacts with consumers and buyers.

Many exhibitions are held at the same time, and sometimes twice a year. The peak times for such events are autumn and spring, which makes it possible to extend the tourist season. The duration of such events is usually 2 weeks. During this time, they are visited by tens of thousands to several million people. Very often exhibitions and fairs are organized in coastal cities, which are included in the cruise tourism program.

Participation in exhibitions today is an indispensable component of the success of this or that company. The number of exhibitions and the variety of their topics has significantly increased in recent years. It is customary to distribute exhibitions according to territorial, thematic and industry characteristics.

Classification of exhibitions on a territorial basis:

-interregional - with the participation of representatives from different regions within one country;

-international - with the participation of representatives from different countries;

-regional - with the participation of representatives from different cities, village collective farms, one region.

Exhibitions can be held in different parts of the world and at completely different times, as well as have different durations. International exhibitions can be world (EXPO), thematic, universal, industry or specialized.

Exhibitions organized during congresses serve as illustrative and complementary exhibits. The organization of such exhibitions is supported by the state and diplomatic channels. Visitors to such exhibitions are usually not so numerous, but they represent a circle of highly qualified specialists.

In connection with the unification of Europe, exhibitions, which have so far been events of a national scale, acquire regional significance and allow tracing the development of the market of a particular European region. Such exhibitions will reflect mainly the specifics of the "regional European" markets. In terms of exhibitors and visitors, these regional exhibitions across Europe will be multilingual.

Global exhibitions are the most significant events in certain industries on a global scale. They generate interest and attract both exhibitors and visitors from all over the world.

An exhibition event of a European scale is a meeting place for participants and professional visitors from various European countries (EU, European Free Trade Area, former CMEA member states).

In the European context, local exhibition events are a significant factor in influencing the former large regional markets of a given country. Regional markets are turning into local, local markets. Participants and visitors of such exhibitions should take into account the trade traditions of the region even more. Local markets are formed primarily under the influence of demand from general consumers or industrial enterprises.

The classification of exhibitions as a whole is intended only to help navigate the world of fairs and exhibitions and indicates that exhibitions are very, very heterogeneous. Each particular exhibition, which can be more or less attributed to one type or another, has, ultimately, its own individuality and characteristic features that change over time.

The International Fair is an international economic exhibition of samples, an international market for goods and services, organized on time, within a certain period of time and in the same place. The purpose of their conduct is to conclude commercial transactions not only nationally, but also internationally.

The main difference between a fair and a regular market is that the sale of goods with a take-away is prohibited within its framework, i.e. trade is carried out strictly according to samples, although the sample itself may be sold at the end of the trade.

The most famous international fairs are recognized as the Hanover International Fair, international fairs in Frankfurt am Main, Leipzig, Paris, Milan, Brussels, etc.

In the last decade, the border between exhibitions and fairs has practically disappeared, since now, not only at fairs, but also at exhibitions, trade is carried out according to samples, deals are made, marketing, commercial and advertising and propaganda work is carried out, which also includes PR-actions.

Fairs and exhibitions - considered international with a significant number of foreign participants (usually at least 10%) and professional visitors (usually at least 5%). International fairs and exhibitions showcase the main products and services offered in one or more industries.

Carnival is an event associated with colorful processions and dressing up. This is a folk festival in the open air, accompanied by street processions, masquerades, dances, and theatrical games. Similar to the Slavic Maslenitsa. Distributed in Catholic countries and dates back to the pagan customs of the Roman Empire. It usually takes place closer to Lent, which is where the name comes from. It accompanies itself with mass festivities and street processions, as well as theatrical performances.

Historically, carnivals have meant liberation in entertainment and sex. Hence the widespread use of masquerades at carnivals - men and women wear fancy costumes and masks, striving to be attractive and unrecognized. In the Middle Ages, the French established the tradition of carnival as a universal celebration with amorous games and abundant libations, and political parties used the holiday to criticize the authorities in a joking manner.

Jokes, fun and laughter were present in the streets and in homes. Already at that time, guests from many overseas countries were arriving to admire the Italian masquerade. The most complex interweaving of human destinies have become the theme of many outstanding literary works that have become the basis of the classics of this genre.

Carnival as a form of festive culture has become widespread in the organization of mass celebrations. What is used as a kind of tourism organization. Carnival as an object of tourism can be a kind of way to improve the image, which will contribute to the development of tourism in a particular region, which, as a result, will affect the entire infrastructure of the region.

High aesthetics, as well as their peculiarity, still attract many tourists. Many of them are held regularly at certain times, to which numerous tourist trips are timed. For example, carnivals in Brazil, carnivals and masquerades in Italy, which are very popular.

Also, the carnival can be an environment in which a person realizes, satisfies the need for communication and also relieves a lot of tension caused by various problems.

An important part of any carnival is the procession along the main streets of the city. Its leading motive is abundance, originating from the oldest harvest festivals. Everything that happens during the procession is purely playful. The main figure at the carnival is the jester. It gives tone to the performance and everything else.

Carnival tourism is a very lucrative destination in tourism business, and this means that this direction may be promising in the practice of travel companies.

It's no secret that the most famous carnival in the world is held in Rio de Janeiro. This event attracts tourists from all over the world.

Carnival is a huge opportunity for public creative self-realization. As human experience shows, even the most notorious person, if he finds himself in a carnival environment, one way or another has a desire for public speaking.

In cities such as Cologne and Düsseldorf in Germany, carnival is associated with many different rituals. The carnival itself in these cities is the end of the "fifth season", which begins on November 11 at eleven o'clock eleven minutes (11.11. 11:11). Then a carnival committee meets, which later elects a prince, a girl, and a peasant. All three are always played by men. The carnival ends - a carnival procession on the first Monday of the post - Rosenmontag.

During the carnival period, it is forbidden to be discouraged and sad. There are no conventions at such events, no definite norms of behavior. The more often a carnival participant changes his costume or mask, then this is for the better. It is important to preserve the mystery of the action.

Carnival is a very lucrative destination. It also affects the country's image. And this, as a result, contributes to the development and attraction of event tourism. This tourism object can be a kind of action that in the future will help the development of tourism in certain regions, and this, in the end, will have a good effect on the entire infrastructure of the region.

Sports event tourism includes visiting and organizing sports events and cultural and entertainment events.

Currently, in the huge stream of sports event tourism, athletes and their accompanying persons are not a large part, they are mainly fans. Let's take as an example the football matches of the European Championships, which are attended by up to several tens of thousands of fans of teams that have arrived from another country. Trips to sporting events, as a rule, are not accompanied by large expenditures and are very short-lived. But due to the massiveness of the event, they give the country in question a very tangible tourist income.

International sports, such as world and continental championships, Olympic Games, Universiades, attract a huge number of people. It can be considered that attending sports competitions is one of the oldest types of travel.

A festival is a massive screening or review of the achievements of theatrical, musical, circus, pop or film art. Today festival tourism has also developed as a separate type of recreation. Classical art festivals can gather up to 55 thousand people.

The Edinburgh Festival is one of the well-known events in modern cultural life. The world's best ballet, opera, theater and various folklore ensembles gather in Edinburgh. Also for lovers of classical music, you can offer a couple of famous international festivals in Lucerne (Switzerland) and Santander (Spain; has been held for 50 years). Also, film festivals, of course, have become quite important events in the world of creativity. They, as everyone knows, are traditionally held in Cannes (France). Venice hosted the world's first international film festival in 1932.

Thus, event tourism gives tourists the opportunity to visit carnivals, concerts, exhibitions, festivals and sporting events. At the same time, become not only witnesses of great events in the world, but also take part in them.

Event tourism began its development from ancient times, and continues to develop to this day. Today, there are already several types of event tourism, which makes it possible for tourists to attend various events and satisfy all sorts of needs.

2. The current state of event tourism in Russia

.1 Development of event tourism in Russia

Event tourism in Russia is a very young, but powerfully developing area. At the moment, holidays associated with various events have become quite popular among Russian tourists.

All event tourism can be divided into several categories. All of them are selected according to the scale of the event. On such grounds, international and national events can be distinguished. In event tourism, several directions can be defined, which are divided by themes: theatrical shows, carnivals, fairs, music festivals, fashion shows, folk holidays, flower festivals, gastronomic festivals, film festivals, sporting events, religious holidays, economic forums, etc.

In Russia, event tourism has not yet developed much and it is very easy to name the places that attract local tourists with events: these are festivals and holidays in the capitals of Russia (Moscow and St. Petersburg). And in recent years, there has been a great interest in trips to the homeland of Santa Claus and Maslenitsa tours.

If there are no events in the life of a tourist facility as traditions that have developed historically, then the event is invented on purpose. For example, in the city of Suzdal (Vladimir region) a lot of holidays are held, for which a large number of tourists gather not only from Russia but also from abroad. Goose Fights and Cucumber Festival are considered famous. They are held on the territory of the Museum of Wooden Architecture. Tourists are also attracted by Christmas, New Year's Eve, Trinity, the Russian Fairy Tale festival, Epiphany, Maslenitsa, Rusalnaya week, the Indian Summer international festival and other event events.

In event tourism, there are several thematic types:

Theatrical shows:

equestrian theatrical show (knightly tournament) in the castle "Lion's Head" (settlement Sukko, Anapa, Krasnodar Territory).

international folklore festival "World Village" (settlement Roshchino, Leningrad region);

festivals of historical reconstructions (Yekaterinburg, St. Petersburg, Vyborg, etc.);

National festivals and holidays:

summer holiday "Ysykhak" (Yakutia);

military-historical festival "Kulikovo Field" (Tula region).

All-Russian Military-Historical Festival "Borodin Day" (Borodino, Moscow Region);

International Festival "Fashion and Style in Photography" (Moscow);

Festivals and flower exhibitions:

international flower festival (St. Petersburg);

All-Russian flower festival in Anapa (Krasnodar Territory).

International Festival "Flowers of Sakhalin" (Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Sakhalin Region);

Film and theater festivals:

festival of children's cinema "Fairy Tale" (Moscow).

theatrical festival "Golden Mask" (Moscow);

Moscow International Film Festival of Mountain and Adventure Films (Moscow);

Film Festival "Kinotavr" (Sochi, Krasnodar Territory);

Gastronomic festivals:

international gastronomic festival "Food Show" (Moscow); - Big Moscow International Beer Festival (Moscow);

festival "Sea of ​​Beer in Sochi" (Krasnodar Territory);

holiday-festival dedicated to the tomato (Syzran, Samara region).

cucumber festival (Suzdal, Vladimir region);

Fashion shows and festivals:

fashion festival “Ples on the Volga. Linen palette "(Ples, Ivanovo region).

the festival of fashion and theatrical costume “The Volga seasons of Alexander Vasiliev” (Samara);

international fashion festival "Velvet Seasons" (Sochi, Krasnodar Territory);

international festival “Fashion. Russia. Style "(St. Petersburg);

Auctions:

real estate auction (Moscow);

antique auction (Moscow).

numismatic auction (St. Petersburg);

Music festivals and music competitions:

the international art festival "Russian Music in the Baltic" (Kaliningrad);

music competition named after P.I. Tchaikovsky (Moscow);

International Festival of Russian Classical Music. S.V. Rachmaninov (Veliky Novgorod);

Sport events:

Winter Olympics 2014 (Sochi).

UEFA Champions League (Moscow);

the international tennis tournament "Kremlin Cup" (Moscow);

International technical salons:

naval salon (St. Petersburg);

aerospace salon "MAKS" (Zhukovsky, Moscow region);

exhibition of state security means "Interpolitex";

car showroom in Moscow;

The business of the travel industry actively uses events to form a tourist product and attract tourists.

Today, event tourism is developing dynamically in Russia. Popular are sporting events such as ice hockey tournaments, the Kremlin Cup in tennis and football matches. A very noticeable increase in the inbound flow of tourists was ensured by the Eurovision-2009 music contest. We can say that every city in our country is interesting and attractive for its cultural and sports events. And a considerable number of spectators gather at them. The Moscow International Film Festival, various folklore, ethnic and military-historical holidays are held annually. Music festivals dedicated to world famous Russian composers have a huge potential for development at a higher scale.

It should be noted that event tourism is a unique type of tourism, since it is inexhaustible in content. A huge number of experts from all over the world believe that in the near future the number of participants in event tours will exceed the number of participants in excursion tours.

Several aspects can be noted about the event tourism market in Russia and its prospects. First, Rosturizm organizes a significant number of events both on its own and by its partners. For example, 2012 is marked by the 200th anniversary of the victory in the Battle of Borodino. The celebration of this date in the form of a reconstruction of the battle on the Borodino field in the Moscow region attracted the attention of thousands of guests, which turned the celebration into a full-fledged tourist event. Secondly, it is support of events within the framework of the Federal Target Program "Development of Domestic and Inbound Tourism in the Russian Federation (2011-2018)", which provides for the implementation of the task of promoting the Russian tourist product. Finally, thirdly, we constantly help various regions find themselves in the event market of the country and the world. And also to create opportunities for the formation of a full-fledged event series in all regions of Russia.

Undoubtedly, the leaders of this segment are the capitals of Russia - Moscow and St. Petersburg. Kazan is also a full-fledged center of sports event tourism. Yekaterinburg is the center of business events. But Perm recently demonstrated its ambitions as the center of festival events. Undoubtedly, the Krasnodar Territory, the Moscow Region and many regions of the North Caucasus have enormous potential ..ru is the first Russian portal about event tourism. The portal is positioned as a guide for independent and active tourists, travelers who attend various events and activities in Russia and abroad. ...

If we talk about the development of the event industry in Russia, then we can say that the main obstacle is the lack of understanding in the regions that the development of event tourism increases the investment potential of the territory exponentially. Indeed, together with the tourist, business, new life and opportunities come to the region. This is worth using, and you need to constantly think and talk about it.

This year the events with the greatest prospects are highlighted. These are the events that shape the face of the territory. These include: the theater festival in Avignon, the White Nights in Perm festival or the Venice Biennale.

The alumni holiday in St. Petersburg "Scarlet Sails" began in 2005 and has been held annually since then. Now it is already an international event. The name of the holiday and the staged plot were taken from the work of Alexander Grin.

In addition to the cultural capital, event tourism is successfully developing in other regions of the country. For many years, the Perm Territory has hosted numerous festivals that take place throughout almost the entire year: the Diaghilev seasons, the tenth festival of balloonists "Heavenly Fair of the Urals" and others.

The active development of event tourism has undoubtedly been noticed in Moscow as well. Among the successful Moscow tourist products today - "Night of Museums", the International Competition. Tchaikovsky, World Press Photo, Shirokaya Maslenitsa. A good example of a successful event is the Spasskaya Tower international military music festival. It is precisely such an event plan that forms a new eventful face not only of the capital, but also of the country.

In the Irkutsk Region, the first International Baikal Winter Games Festival "Zimniada" was held in the spring of 2003. Since then, the festival has become an annual traditional event. Now he has great popularity and fame even outside the region.

Event tourism began to develop in the country recently and still occupies a small share in the structure of the domestic tourist flow in Russia. But, despite this, today we have examples of good organization of bright event events at the regional and municipal levels. However, we must all understand that the existing event events cannot yet be classified as competitive at the world level.

Statistics for 2011 show that the domestic tourist flow in Russia amounted to thirty-three and three million people. According to experts, in 2012 the domestic tourist flow increased by ten percent and amounted to thirty-seven million two hundred ninety-nine thousand nine hundred and thirty people.

With the beginning of the implementation of the Federal Target Program "Development of domestic and inbound tourism in the Russian Federation (2011-2018)" tourism in Russia begins a new stage in its development.

The dynamics of the inbound flow of tourists testifies to its growth in 2011 by ten percent compared to 2010. And the number of trips of foreign tourists to our country for tourism purposes is small and in 2011 amounts to only two point, three tenths of a million.

Departure of Russian citizens for the purpose of tourism in 2011 increased in comparison with 2010 by eleven percent and amounted to fourteen million people. The share of tourism in the country's GDP in 2013 is 6.5%.

Today, the following trends in the development of domestic and inbound tourism in the Russian Federation can be noted:

strengthening the role of tourism at the federal and regional levels;

active development of interregional cooperation in the field of tourism;

activation of the promotion of the national tourist product in the world and domestic tourist markets.

development of the most promising types of tourism.

In the course of analyzing the structure of the domestic Russian tourist flow, one can observe that beach vacations are more popular among our citizens (38%). And trips with cultural and educational purposes are chosen by 20% of tourists.

Event tourism in a large number of countries around the world refers to tourism activities associated with a variety of social events. Also rare natural phenomena, attracting large masses of compatriots and tourists from different countries with their uniqueness, exoticism, uniqueness.

2.2 Types of event tourism in the country's tourism market

Event tourism is usually classified by the scale of the event or by its theme. Usually, the following thematic types of event tourism are distinguished, as a rule:

sport events;

national festivals and holidays;

international technical salons.

fashion shows;

theatrical shows;

auctions;

festivals: gastronomic, flower, music, theater, film festivals;

It is not worth dwelling in detail on each of the listed types. Here are just a few more striking examples of the economic efficiency of organizing events on a global scale.

Let's take the well-known Cannes Festival as an example. In 2009, the economic impact of the Cannes Film Festival amounted to almost two thousand million euros. It created three thousand two hundred jobs and accounted for ten percent of the region's annual hotel occupancy.

Or another example: The very popular Oktoberfest among Russian tourists. It is visited by about six million people annually. It also employs twelve thousand people every year. Back in 2006, the holiday's turnover amounted to four hundred and forty-nine million euros. And only for accommodation in hotels and travel in public transport, the guests of the holiday spent more than five hundred million euros in the same year.

Brazil is generally a vivid example of how the original national holiday turned into an event of national importance. And it is a means of replenishing the treasury. It is known that the Brazilian carnival of 2005 is considered one of the most expensive in history. It cost the treasury of the mayor's office fifteen million reais (this is more than 5.5 million dollars), and the profit from the seven hundred thousand guests who came to the country was many times greater. In Rio de Janeiro alone, tourists left $ 150 million.

After such figures, it makes no sense to talk about the importance of the development of event tourism for budgets of all levels.

In Russia, event tourism does not bring much profit. The country has not yet formed periodically recurring socially significant events that attract large numbers of Russian and foreign tourists.

Only a few events can now be classified as international event tourism: the MAKS aerospace salon, Shirokaya Maslenitsa, the Moscow International Film Festival, the Kremlin Cup in tennis, the Winter Olympic Games in Sochi, the Universiade in Kazan and the World Cup.

One of the powerful eventful reasons was the celebration of the 300th anniversary of the founding of St. Petersburg, the 1000th anniversary of Yaroslavl and the Winter Olympics in Sochi 2014. Anniversary celebrations in different cities attract visitors not only from Russia, but also from abroad.

On October 31, 2014, the IV International Tourism Forum “Visit Russia 2014” will be held in Yaroslavl. Within the framework of this forum, Russian and foreign experts will discuss the prospects for the development of the tourism industry and increasing the tourist attractiveness of Russian regions and cities.

The International Forum "Visit Russia" over the past years has become recognized and authoritative. The range of topics raised at the forum over the past years has been extensive, ranging from issues of state policy and international cooperation in the field of tourism, and ending with the introduction of innovative technologies and the implementation of cluster projects in the tourism industry. It is known that this year the central topic of the forum will be the development of event tourism as a tool for promoting territories.

According to international experts, event tourism is not only a promising, but also a dynamically developing segment of the world tourism market. And also it is an effective tool for promoting the territory, which is inexhaustible in content. Event tourism includes a number of events of a historical, cultural, ethnographic, sports and business nature. According to many experts, in the near future the number of participants in event tours may increase significantly.

The choice of just such a central topic of the forum “Visit Russia 2014” is not accidental. Within the framework of the forum, the final of the Regional Competition of the III National Prize in the field of event tourism "Russian Event Awards" will be held in the Central Federal District. Yaroslavl won the right to host the final events of this prestigious competition at the end of 2013. Then several projects from the Yaroslavl region became winners at once. This - the festival "The main Maslenitsa of the country", Deminsky ski marathon World Loppet, the festival of music and entertainment "Dobrofest".

Holding the III National Russian Event Awards in Yaroslavl within the framework of the IV International Tourism Forum Visit Russia 2014 is a unique opportunity to see the best projects for the development of event tourism in the regions of Russia.

Further, it is necessary to pay attention to the current trends in the development of event tourism in modern Russia. Among them, it is worth noting the following: the formation of travel goals in Russia, the development of domestic and inbound tourism, the popularization of tourist events and propaganda.

Today, more than ever, the question of the development of domestic and inbound tourism is urgent. Also, special attention should be paid to promoting the tourism product in the domestic and foreign markets. The state invests money in tourism infrastructure, legislative, scientific base related to tourism activities. But this alone is not enough to make tourists want to travel around Russia. Events are the most important factor forcing tourists to visit various regions of Russia.

Russia is really very rich for event tourism. And one of the advantages is the extremely snowy, mesmerizing weather. This can be exotic for tourists from hot countries. Russian winter is itself a significant part of the Russian tourist product. Despite all the existing problems and difficulties, the development paths of Russia in event tourism are very large.

An urgent problem on the present stage is the development of event tourism at the world level. Regional tourism authorities are beginning to search for new forms of PR - activity and are increasingly using non-traditional forms and various opportunities for the development of event tourism.

2.3 Development problems of event tourism in Russia

According to international experts, over the past 10 years, one of the most developing types of tourism is event tourism, the world turnover of which has grown from tens to hundreds of billions of dollars. However, the share of Russia in this type of tourism is only 2%.

The factors that hinder the development of event tourism in the regions of Russia and the formation of a competitive national tourism product based on event tourism include:

insufficient attention of local and regional authorities to event tourism in their territories, incl. and in the development of strategies and programs for the development of the tourism sector;

shortage of qualified personnel in the field of tourism;

low investment and business activity of the local population when organizing events that can attract Russian and foreign tourists;

insufficiently developed tourist infrastructure in the regions of Russia, incl. infrastructure for organizing event tourism;

insufficient awareness of the potential of event tourism, its impact on the regional economy;

lack of information on holding events in the regions of Russia and low efficiency of systems for promoting the event tourism product to the market.

With a steady pace of development and in the presence of a competent strategy for promoting event tourism, a tourism product based on event activities is able to take its place as an internal tourism product.

Measures for the development of event tourism in the Russian Federation include:

State support for priority socially significant event events, such as:

All-Russian ball of graduates "Scarlet Sails" - St. Petersburg;

the festival of military-historical reconstruction "Abalak field" - Tobolsk, Tyumen region;

citywide holiday "Wide Maslenitsa" - Moscow;

musical rock festival "Invasion" - pos. Emmaus, Tver region;

music festival "Creation of the World" - Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan;

international festival of tourist and sports games "Zimniada" - Irkutsk, Irkutsk region;

open Russian film festival "Kinotavr" - Sochi, Krasnodar Territory;

-international festival "Heavenly Fair of the Urals" - Kungur, Perm Territory;

-International Aviation and Space Salon "MAKS" - Zhukovsky, Moscow region.

-Winter Olympic Games 2014 Sochi, Krasnodar Territory.

2. Formation of a unified calendar of major event events in the Russian Federation.

Creation of a convention bureau on the principles of public-private partnership to create a single information space and promote tourism events held in Russia, in the domestic and foreign tourist markets.

Introduction of a simplified visa regime during national events.

For the development of event tourism in the regions of Russia, it is necessary:

assist in the development of investment projects in the field of event tourism, creating a favorable climate for investors;

to contribute to the creation of conditions for the development of new products of event tourism, taking into account the historical and ethnocultural characteristics of the regions, expanding the range of tourist services for various groups of tourists, as well as an integrated tourist product together with other Russian regions;

develop and use a strategy for the effective promotion of a tourism product formed on the basis of event tourism;

include activities for the formation, promotion and implementation of a regional tourism product based on event tourism in strategic documents for tourism development, incl. into regional target programs for the development of tourism, to provide, within the framework of the programs, subsidizing the construction of tourist infrastructure, aimed at the development of event tourism.

The Federal Agency for Tourism is open for cooperation, which will be aimed at promoting the tourism opportunities of the regions of Russia and turn it into a developed world tourist center.

3. Prospects for the development of event tourism in the Krasnodar Territory

.1 Potential for the development of event tourism in the Krasnodar Territory

The Krasnodar Territory is a tourist region in which, due to the high recreational potential, the development of event tourism is directly related to the development of other types of tourism and recreation. In this regard, the prospects for the development of event tourism in the Krasnodar Territory are quite large and are considered in the context of the dynamics of the Russian tourism market as a whole.

According to the Ministry of Tourism and Resorts of the Krasnodar Territory, it is known that the number of tourists who visited the resorts of the region in 2012 remained at the level of 2011 and amounted to eleven point and one tenth of a million people. Recently, there has been an increase in inbound tourism. Krasnodar Territory is the most popular holiday region in Russia. In 2013, the Krasnodar Territory accounted for ninety-seven point and eight-tenths of all Russian tourists sent by travel agencies on tours in Russia.

When compared with foreign countries, Krasnodar Territory also retains its leadership in the number of tourists received, despite the relatively higher cost of vouchers. According to the Federal Tourism Agency, in 2006 the average cost of a voucher in Russia was about twenty thousand rubles, abroad - about eighteen thousand rubles. However, the total number of Russian tourists who visited the Krasnodar Territory in 2005 is one and a half times higher than the number of Russian visits to foreign countries for tourism purposes.

Attractiveness factors.In addition to the factors described above that determine the popularity of domestic tourism in general, many important factors in the attractiveness of the Krasnodar Territory are the following. Relatively developed tourist and sanatorium infrastructure and recreational potential. The Krasnodar Territory, due to its geographical location, is the main recreational region of Russia. The sanatorium and resort industry of the Krasnodar Territory, in comparison with other regions, is quite developed and makes up about a third of the all-Russian one.

A very important factor in the attractiveness of the region is that the Krasnodar Territory? the only well-developed tourist destination where we can spend holidays on the seaside.

It should be noted that an important characteristic of consumer preferences in the field of tourism is that seaside vacations are preferable for the majority of Russian citizens. According to the results of regular polls conducted by the All-Russian Public Opinion Research Center (VTsIOM), in 2013, given the financial resources, thirty-one percent of respondents would prefer to relax on the Black Sea coast.

Image of the region.Krasnodar Krai has the image of the best beach destination in Russia for tourists with different income levels. And this is already traditional. Recently, with the growing interest on the part of top officials of the state and the state as a whole in the development of this region, the image of the Krasnodar Territory as an optimal recreational destination is constantly strengthening.

Transport accessibility.For residents of the European part of Russia, the Krasnodar Territory is accessible by various types of transport, including personal vehicles and rail. Which are less expensive for tourists and more massive.

It should be borne in mind that the duration of the annual paid vacation in Russia is twenty-eight days, and a very substantial proportion of citizens prefer not to break the vacation into parts. In this regard, the preferred sea resorts are Russian, since in foreign resort countries, standard tour packages are seven, ten or fourteen days. In this context, it should be borne in mind that in many budgetary organizations the distribution of vouchers for sanatorium-resort treatment is carried out, the duration of which is on average twenty-one days. In connection with these factors, the most popular duration of rest in the Krasnodar Territory is from fifteen to twenty-eight days.

A very important factor that significantly changed the influx of tourists to the Krasnodar Territory, of course, is the XXII Winter Olympic Games in 2014. This event significantly increased the popularity and popularity of the resort. It also contributed to the inflow of investments in infrastructure development and the decision to create a tourist and recreational SEZ in the Krasnodar Territory, which includes four popular resort areas: the resort city of Gelendzhik, the city of Sochi, the resort city of Anapa and the Tuapse municipal district.

The Krasnodar Territory is one of the most promising regions of Russia in terms of the existing tourist potential. The resort complex of the region comprises more than one thousand two hundred enterprises of the sanatorium-resort complex and tourism, which can simultaneously receive about two hundred and twenty thousand people. All the main sea resorts of Russia are concentrated in the Krasnodar Territory: Sochi, Anapa, Gelendzhik, Tuapse, Yeisk. The volume of sanatorium and health improvement and tourist and excursion services is growing every year in the region. In 2004, the volume of services provided exceeded twenty one billion rubles, the number of tourists - seven million people. The unique recreational potential ensures the development of almost all types of resort, tourism and recreation industries - seaside, balneological, mountain and skiing. The natural and climatic conditions of the region, unique for Russia, the presence of historical sights, advanced medical institutions and technologies, create the potential for the development of a highly efficient, competitive tourist and recreational complex, as well as meeting the growing needs of the population in services related to recreation, treatment and tourism. Compared to all-Russian indicators, Krasnodar Territory is among the leaders in terms of the development of tourism infrastructure, however, in terms of the existing potential to attract tourists to the region, the level of infrastructure development is insufficient.

To assess the potential for the development of Event tourism in the Krasnodar Territory, it is necessary to take into account both the attractiveness of cultural tourism for Russian citizens as a whole, and the presence of a historical and cultural heritage, on the basis of which Event tourism can develop.

The characteristics of the level of development of the tourism infrastructure of the region were carried out in the following main areas:

development of public catering and retail trade.

training of tourism specialists;

hotels and similar accommodation facilities;

specialized accommodation facilities.

Hotels and similar accommodation facilities. In terms of the number of hotels, the Krasnodar Territory is among the first three regions - leaders and is second only to Moscow and the Tyumen region, that is, regions with a higher level of economic development. The specialization of the region's hotels is the accommodation of persons making tourist trips for the purpose of recreation, while a significant part of the persons served in other regions by the leaders of the Russian Federation are those who make business trips (Table 1). ...

Table 1 - Distribution of hotels and similar accommodation facilities by regions of the Russian Federation (2012)

Region Number of hotels and similar accommodation facilities Number of persons served by hotels and similar accommodation facilities, thousand people Tyumen Region 182 605.1 Moscow 1593469.0 Krasnodar Territory 144547.1 Sverdlovsk Region 130 400.0 Bashkortostan 124 284.4 Tatarstan 106 372.4

Specialized accommodation facilities.Due to the combination of the presence of deposits of mineral water and therapeutic mud and favorable climatic conditions, the Krasnodar Territory is the most popular resort and tourist region in Russia. And also, in fact, the only seaside balneological and resort-recreational center in Russia. The region is the leader among the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in terms of the number of specialized accommodation facilities (sanatoriums, boarding houses, etc.) and the number of visitors.

Threats to the tourist attractiveness of the Krasnodar Territory.Along with the positive factors of the attractiveness of the Krasnodar Territory, in order to assess its tourism potential, it is also necessary to analyze the possible threats associated with the decline in the region's relative popularity as a tourist destination.

Competitiveness of the Krasnodar Territory. Currently, the most important market for the Krasnodar Territory is the beach tourism market. In the beach tourism market, the main competitors of the Krasnodar Territory are foreign resorts. As mentioned above, in the near future, the tourist attractiveness of the Krasnodar Territory will be high, in connection with which the tourist flow will be stable or growing. However, it should be borne in mind that the Russian tourist is an attractive consumer not only for the Krasnodar Territory, and under pressure from competitors, the relative competitiveness and attractiveness of the region may decrease.

Although at present foreign resorts are inferior to the Krasnodar Territory in terms of the number of visits, in the future their popularity can significantly increase. It should be borne in mind that at present, rest in a number of regions of the Krasnodar Territory, for example, in Sochi, in terms of price-quality ratio is inferior to popular foreign resorts such as Turkey, Egypt, Bulgaria, Spain. In addition, the Russian consumer of travel services, with an increase in income and opportunities to visit foreign resorts, increases their requirements for recreation and tends to change their preferences more often. Factors such as the increased exactingness of Russian tourists; further growth in the incomes of Russian citizens and a decrease in global political instability in the future may lead to a decrease in the attractiveness of beach holidays in the Krasnodar Territory in comparison with foreign resorts.

In connection with the identified threat, in order to maintain a leading position in the tourism industry and increase its contribution to the regional economy, the Krasnodar Territory needs to diversify its tourist offer, including through the development of the historical and cultural potential of the region and Event tourism based on it. In addition, the development of the historical and cultural potential of the Krasnodar Territory will reduce the negative impact of the seasonality factor on the development of the tourism industry in the region, attract tourists to the region more than once, increase tourist spending during their vacation, which will lead to an increase in the tourism industry revenue.

2Problems and prospects for the development of event tourism in the region

According to VTsIOM polls, beach tourism is the most preferred type of recreation for only thirty percent of Russian tourists (Figure 4). In addition to beach recreation, educational tourism is becoming more and more popular, and excursion tours are also becoming more popular. For Russian tourists, who are currently the main visitors to the resorts of the Krasnodar Territory, event tourism is generally considered attractive. This is evidenced by the high demand for excursions in order to get acquainted with the objects of historical and cultural heritage and resort areas, offered to Russian citizens in foreign resorts.

The presence in the Krasnodar Territory of the basis for the development of cultural tourism. From the point of view of the development of Event tourism, a significant factor is the provision of the region with objects of historical and cultural heritage, unique culture, ethnic groups, crafts, opportunities and resources for the favorable development of Event tourism, etc. According to these criteria, the Krasnodar Territory is a promising region for the development of Event tourism. The region is an abundance of all kinds of places suitable for mass events. The historical heritage of the region includes up to the ancient era, monuments of the ancient, Hellenistic and early Christian eras, medieval buildings and objects of later times. That gives a source for the formation of new events that will attract many tourists to these rich lands. The intangible historical and cultural heritage of the region is due to the fact that peoples of different nationalities and cultural communities traditionally live on its territory, which allows developing national traditions and organizing thematic events that can attract tourists.

The analysis of the tourist potential of the regions of the Krasnodar Territory of the region, carried out on the basis of a survey of travel companies operating in these areas, as well as tourists who have visited these areas, allows us to describe in more detail the prospects for the development of Event tourism in the region as a whole.

Resorts of the Krasnodar Territory are traditionally in demand among Russian tourists. It is estimated that up to fifty percent of all tourist trips made by Russian citizens go to the Krasnodar Territory. The main trends characterizing the development of the tourism industry in the Krasnodar Territory are determined by the steady growth of the Russian tourism market as a whole. Currently, beach tourism is developing most actively in the Krasnodar Territory. However, the data of the opinion poll by VTsIOM show that beach tourism is the preferred form of recreation only for thirty percent of Russian tourists.

Event tourism is of interest to forty percent of Russians, and the prevalence of this type of tourism is steadily growing. In the context of growing incomes and increasing spending on recreation, the desire of Russian tourists to diversify tourist offers, including sightseeing tours, is manifested. Maintaining the leading position in the domestic tourism market for the Krasnodar Territory and increasing the contribution of the tourism industry to the regional economy requires measures aimed at diversifying the tourist offer. The development and use of the cultural and entertainment potential of the region and the expansion on this basis of Event tourism creates such an opportunity.

The development of the cultural and entertainment potential of the Krasnodar Territory will reduce the negative influence of the seasonality factor on the development of the tourism industry in the region, increase the costs of tourists during their stay on vacation, and attract tourists to the region more than once. In turn, an increase in tourism revenues will contribute to an increase in the gross regional product, and as a result, an increase in government spending on the preservation of cultural sites and the development of related infrastructure.

To develop measures aimed at using the cultural and historical potential of the Krasnodar Territory, it is required to investigate the current state of facilities, assess the degree of infrastructure development and the amount of additional investment required to create a tourism product based on a particular facility.

Identifying the most promising objects requires a clear system of criteria that will allow us to assess their potential as fully as possible, identify the missing characteristics for the successful functioning of objects and provide recommendations on how to involve objects in the economic turnover.

The system of criteria presented below includes the most important characteristics of objects from an economic point of view. These characteristics can be roughly divided into two groups:

infrastructure criteria (remoteness of the object; availability of additional services (infrastructure) for tourists);

investment criteria (type of object; condition / safety of the object; uniqueness / popularity of the object; attendance (tourist popularity) / tourist image of the object; "thematic"; staffing).

Infrastructure criteria combine characteristics that are not directly related to the object, but to a large extent determine the attractiveness of the object for the tourist. The criterion of remoteness makes it possible to select objects located within two to three hours of availability from places of mass accommodation of tourists. This criterion is of particular importance when a tourist makes a decision to visit a new or little-known object. In addition to remoteness, the availability of convenient transport for long trips and the good condition of highways play an important role. Additional services for tourists mean the presence of advertising and information materials about the facility and souvenir shops, accommodation in the immediate vicinity of the facility of catering organizations, a toilet, a parking space, etc. ...

Recent sociological studies of the trends and logic of the development of international tourism indicate that over the past five years, the interest of travelers in cultural and sports events has grown significantly. Event tourism is becoming an increasingly rapidly developing sector of the economy, and this trend will continue in the near future. Already today, many large-scale events are being held on the territory of the Krasnodar Territory, which attract tourists from all over the world. Traditionally, such major cultural events as "Kinoshock" in Anapa, "Kinotavr" and the "Five Stars" competition for young performers in Sochi, the hydroaviasalon in Gelendzhik and a number of others are held. The development of event tourism is aimed at attracting young people to the resorts of the region.

Also in the Krasnodar Territory there are already such objects of ethnographic tourism as the cultural and ethnographic park "Dobrodeya", the museum "Gorgippia" and the Armenian cultural center "Arin-Berd" in Anapa, the ethnic center "Cherkessky aul" in the Crimean region.

The Krasnodar Territory is rich in resources for the development of Event tourism, which means that it can easily take a leading position in the tourism industry not only in the Russian Federation, but also abroad.

Conclusion

Based on the fact that the Krasnodar Territory hosts a whole range of events, both Russian and international, it seems to us that event tourism can become the key to expanding the tourism market of the Krasnodar Territory.

Event tourism is a very serious business. Its development should contribute to solving the issue of forming the image of the region and the country as a whole, without which, all talk about attracting investment in the economy will remain just talk. Nothing better than event activities does not work for the image. Of course, there is always a temptation to use available funds to solve immediate problems, sometimes, indeed, acute and important from a social point of view. However, event events are a business in themselves, and you can and should make money on it. It is believed that right now more is spent than earning on Event Tourism. But the whole world, in fact, does just that: first it invests, then it makes money.

For the development of event tourism, unifying concepts, pivotal reference points of the event series are needed. The starting point was the XXII Winter Olympic and XI Paralympic Games 2014 in the city of Sochi.

The existing capabilities of the region allow already in the next year to achieve a good position in the development and implementation of event tourism, and in subsequent years, even more so: a very liquid sales period.

List of sources used

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10.The current state of the tourist market in Russia. [Electronic resource]: electronic text data. - URL. - Access mode: # "justify"> 11. The state of the hotel complex in Russia and Moscow. [Electronic resource]: electronic text data. - URL. - Access mode: # "justify">. Tourism in figures 2008 M., Statistics of Russia - 2008 [Electronic resource]: electronic text data. - URL. - Access mode: http://www.izdatgeo.ru/pdf/gipr/2011-3/111.pdf - 2008

It is a natural desire of every person to have a pleasant time. After all, the pace of life is now incredibly intense, so much so that it often does not allow you to fully rest. Therefore, many of those who, for whatever reason, cannot allocate enough time to relax, put it off for the duration of their vacation. How to make it as bright as possible? For many, an ordinary beach vacation is no longer of particular interest, as well as standard sightseeing tours. That is why some people prefer to plan their vacation for the duration of any event, which allows them to make their vacation truly bright and unforgettable. This type of travel is called event tourism. What else can you say about the essence of this type of travel? What are its advantages both for the tourists themselves and for the host settlements? How did this direction develop? What are the most popular events? What can you say about event tourism in the Russian Federation? You can find out detailed answers to all these questions by reading the article in question.

The essence

To begin with, it is important to thoroughly understand what event tourism is. A small but very illustrative example will help to clarify this. Suppose there is a small pretty town with a number of attractions, which, however, do not attract tourists too much. At a certain moment, the city government makes an important decision: to establish a flower festival in this village. Only a few years have passed, and now thousands of interested tourists visit this city to plunge into the sea of ​​colors and aromas. This is event tourism. In other words, it is a conscious, purposeful movement of travelers in order to attend a certain event that takes place outside their hometown or country. It can be any show, ceremony, concert, various theatrical performances, festivals. Sports tourism is also very popular. For example, attending the Olympic Games or the FIFA World Cup. As you can see, the essence of this term is extremely simple and clear. The situation is a little more complicated with its other features.

Event tourism: development and role

Tourism of this kind became firmly embedded in the theory and practice of the international tourism industry only at the end of the previous century. And over the past fifteen years, this special field of travel has developed incredibly dynamically. Every year, a huge number of people leave their home area in order to attend some kind of attractive event. Why are such events interesting for their guests?
As a rule, they are absolutely unique; their analogue cannot be found in another territory. This affordable way get new vivid impressions. However, for this, the tourist must be at a specific time and place.

What is the role of event tourism? Projects are diverse and serve a number of important functions. Among them, the following are distinguished:

• to provoke the further development of the infrastructure of a certain settlement;
• to form an attractive image of the area;
• attract new tourists;
• to revive "stagnant" settlements.

And although the role of event tourism is rarely spoken about, the above functions of this type of travel confirm that it is of great importance for the economic situation of certain territories. It would be extremely unwise to ignore this fact. After all, not every locality has the opportunity to find such an additional source of income for itself. Therefore, those cities that have such a potential should use it to the maximum. In a short time, such efforts will bring tangible results.

Main types

There are various directions of event tourism. They differ, for example, in the goals set by their organizers. Some events are intended solely for fun, amusement and relaxation, others are for the promotion of certain sports. And some have even more worthy goals (for example, educational or educational).

So, what types of events are distinguished within the framework of event tourism? Among them are the following:

• Cultural tourism. This type includes exhibitions, carnivals, concerts and festivals. The topic does not matter.
• Sports tourism. Within this type, events such as the Olympic Games, as well as European and World Championships in various sports are distinguished.
• Business events. Namely: presentations, meetings, business fairs and meetings.
• Scientific and educational events. This type includes symposia, conferences, lectures and seminars.
• Event tourism for children. Entertaining and educational activities for children of different ages.

This variety will help everyone find something to their liking. Don't be afraid to try new things, expand your horizons. Attending an event that was not previously interesting to you can give you a new hobby or completely change your tastes and preferences. Be open to new information. And then life will be able to play with really bright colors.

What to consider when organizing

Often the organization of event tourism is the task of specialized organizations. However, they sometimes make mistakes. What do you need to consider when organizing weekend tours or carnival tours? There are a number of special requirements for the place of residence of tourists during the trip. Among them are:

• Correct location of the hotel. It should be located near the venue of the event.
• The architecture of the hotel should reflect the old style.
• The hotel must have an appropriate number of staff.
• The color scheme of the room and its interior should look dignified and harmonious.
• It is important that there are restaurants and other quality food establishments nearby.
• There should be shops nearby where you can buy themed items relevant to the event.

If the organizers take into account all these rules for accommodating travelers established by international standards, event tourism will give guests only the most pleasant emotions. After all, this is exactly what they expect from such trips.

The most famous events

Youth event tourism, along with other types of it, is developing extremely dynamically today. This is partly due to the fact that this type of travel not only provides an opportunity to get new emotions and relax, but also to turn into an integral part of a large family, which is united by common interests. Such event events give people unforgettable impressions and memories that will warm them for a long time.

For example, among carnivals all over the world, Brazilian and Venetian are considered the most popular. Most of all tourists are impressed by their duration and scale. After all, these cities become festival venues of colossal size for several weeks.

Amsterdam attracts flora lovers from year to year. Every September there is a Flower Parade. Others enjoy attending the Bonsai festival held in Japan. Connoisseurs of good alcohol gather at the Wine Festival in Moldova and the world-famous Oktoberfest in Germany. You can follow fashion trends by attending shows in Paris and Milan, which attract the close attention of socialites. Others prefer sporting events or a variety of musical events (for example, the Montreux Jazz Festival, the Salzburg Music Festival, and the Eurovision Song Contest).

Benefits of event events

What attracts tourism to event travelers so much? There are a number of obvious advantages of a variety of event activities. Among them are the following:

• As a rule, this event is harmoniously woven into the whole canvas of the trip. In this case, the audience experiences the feeling of the deepest immersion, which helps to achieve extremely high receptivity.
• Emotions are formed massively among tourists as a group, and not as individuals. This creates a sense of unity, belonging to the common. In this way, much stronger impressions are generated.
• Such events are attended by tourists on a voluntary basis. This means that they do not get the impression that they are being imposed a variety of advertising information.
• The positive emotions that a successful event evokes are also transferred to the territory in which it took place. This helps to form the loyalty of the population to tourists.
• Events of this kind provide an opportunity to establish contact with journalists and build a good reputation for the event in the press.
• If the event is successful, it can become a brand in a short time. It is quite easy to use it in the future in order to competently build a strategy for the development of the region.
• Sales of thematic attributes and souvenirs related to a particular event are significantly increasing.
• Events of this kind provoke active cooperation between business and city authorities in order to significantly reduce the costs of their implementation.
• The ability to organize a long-term marketing campaign. It should start long before the event (creating posters, announcements, invitations, holding thematic press conferences), and such a campaign will continue for a long time after its holding (articles in the media, tours, various final performances).
• Among other things, travel companies can view the audience of the event as a large focus group, where a variety of offers and services are tested. This helps to collect preliminary consumer information.
• Event marketing can be used even where advertising is usually not valid or even prohibited.

All of the above proves that event tourism can give a lot to the territory in which the corresponding event is held. This cannot be ignored in long-term planning.

Brazilian Carnival

Cultural tourism attracts a huge number of tourists. One of the most popular events in this context is the carnival in Rio de Janeiro (however, similar events are held in other cities of this country). The roots of this holiday are related to approximately the same ancient traditions as the Russian Maslenitsa. Carnival marks the beginning of Lent. This is how Brazilians say goodbye to their usual food for forty days. Carnival has become one of the most important holidays of this state. Such an unusual tradition came from Portugal 400 years ago. Over the course of several centuries, the carnival has undergone changes under the influence of the culture of other European countries (in particular, Italy and France). And only in the 19th century this holiday was enriched with colors, unusual costumes and bright characters. That is why tours to Brazil for the carnival are so popular. Should you attend such an event too? Judge for yourself.

Oktoberfest

What else is event tourism? Examples can be given for a long time. One of the brightest is Oktoberfest. This is a large-scale annual Munich beer festival. This holiday lasts for about two weeks. Beer there really flows like a river: for each festival, its guests drink about six million liters of this drink.

How many tourists does Munich receive during this period of time? About six million people. In general, the turnover of funds for the holiday is about 450 million euros. Of course, not every organism is capable of staying at a festival of this type for two weeks without loss of health. In order to help those who feel unwell, more than a hundred competent medical workers are constantly on duty at the holiday.

Event tourism in Russia

What about the Russian Federation? How developed is this subspecies of tourism on the territory of our state? Despite the opinion of some, Russia also offers a number of interesting and well-organized events for foreign tourists. What events can be attributed to this group? Among them are:

• Kinotavr Cinematic Festival in Sochi.
• Theatrical festival "Golden Mask".
• Yakut summer holiday Ysykhak.
• Victory Day at Borodino.
• Kaliningrad International Arts Festival.

Of course, in terms of the variety of topics, event tourism projects in Russia have on many points caught up with foreign ones. However, the level of organization and preparation, the scale of holding and the amount of funding for Russian events are significantly inferior. While event tourism could become an inexhaustible source of income for certain regions of the Russian Federation. This is clearly demonstrated by the situation in Tobolsk. This city has become home to over two dozen different events. Every year they bring the city budget more than fifty million rubles. What is the essence of the problem of Russian event tourism?

• Poor infrastructure development in the state, including an insufficient number of hotels of a decent level, and a poor quality road surface.
• The passive position of officials, unwillingness to take measures that would contribute to the development of event tourism.

Conclusion

So what is the considered type of travel? This is the movement of people from their settlement to a specific place at a specific period of time, when an event of interest to a tourist takes place in it. For the travelers themselves, this means a colossal amount of positive emotions, vivid impressions and colorful memories. This is an opportunity to spend a pleasant weekend or vacation, to feel like a part of something big and whole.

For the settlements in which, in fact, the event is organized, this means significant additional income. For example, hotels, restaurants and other catering establishments, shops selling souvenirs and other themed paraphernalia earn money. However, the city itself must meet certain requirements in order to be able to host such events. Moreover, the larger the event, the higher the requirements for the settlement. It must contain a sufficient number of decent hotels with a good level of service, the required number of cafes and restaurants, it must have a well-developed infrastructure (good roads, for example).

Unfortunately, as far as the Russian Federation is concerned, not all cities that have potential in this regard meet the established requirements, and there is no need to talk about settlements in the outback, even if they are unusually original and colorful. So, Russian cities, in which many attractions are located and which could become an excellent venue for festivals and other cultural events, lose this opportunity only because local officials do not pay sufficient attention to the development of their subject. Meanwhile, such investment in development would be an excellent investment, and very soon it would pay off. After all, interest in event tourism is growing uncontrollably. Competent specialists have long seen this as an opportunity to significantly increase revenues to the local budget.

Is it difficult to make your settlement a destination for event tourism? Of course, this requires certain efforts, including financial investments, creating a team of creative specialists who would plan the events. By the way, the organization of such events also requires a very responsible approach. It is necessary to take care of a colossal number of nuances. And not only about those that relate to the event itself, but also those that are related to the accommodation of guests.

Event tourism is definitely worth your attention. A detailed study of this topic can help you choose your type of tourism, have an unforgettable time and retain fond memories for a lifetime. Be bolder! Develop and live interestingly!

Page 2 of 2

Event or event tourism (from the English event - an event, an event) is a fairly young and promising direction of the tourism business. This type of recreation is gaining momentum and becoming more widespread.

Event tourism is an ideal vacation for people who want to spend time as fun, interesting and useful as possible. It is also often referred to as the experience industry. The brightness of what he saw and heard - this is the positive baggage that the tourist wants to bring with him from the trip.

Why is event tourism attractive? It gives the public the opportunity to take part in an action unusual for a standard travel, reveals new sides of a tourist object, facts of history and makes them alive. He has a charge of positive emotions, which is important for re-attracting tourists.

Event tourism contributes to the revival of cultural customs, traditions, the development of folk art. Cultural events have now become very important elements of economic, social and cultural life. The governments of different countries - Spain, Italy, etc., are pursuing a policy of supporting it, since events of event tourism have a positive impact on the development of the region and the whole country. This type of tourism, like no other, is an effective tool for shaping a positive image of the country in the world.

Also, successful event tourism will have a positive effect on the activities of domestic tour operators, as it will help smooth out seasonal fluctuations in arrivals and hotel occupancy. For example, about 6 million people annually come to the German Oktoberfest festival; in 2006, guests of the event spent more than 500 million euros on hotel accommodation and travel alone, but in 2013, during the Oktoberfest, 6.4 million people. from 80 countries spent about 400 million euros.

Another striking confirmation is the carnival in Rio de Janeiro. For the period of the celebration, 90% of the rooms are booked here, which confirms the scale of the carnival.

Russia is also trying to pay significant attention to event tourism. However, there is some difference in the approach of our country and foreign countries. It lies in the fact that there are no festivities of this magnitude in Russia. Recently, however, prerequisites for the development of this segment have appeared, and the foundation has already begun to be laid for the creation of an event tourism industry in the country.

To create an event tourism industry in Russia is a goal formed at the state level by the Ministry of Culture. The need for this lies, first of all, in the fact that it will contribute to the creation of a single tourist space in Russia, without which it is difficult to count on a high place in the rating of world destinations.

The problems hindering the development of event tourism in Russia are:

Poorly developed tourist infrastructure;

Weak hotel base;

Lack of qualified personnel in the field of tourism;

Insufficient attention of the authorities to event tourism in their territories;

Low investment and business activity of the local population when organizing events that can attract Russian and foreign tourists;

Lack of information on the holding of event events in the regions;

Unconscious position of residents of the country and inertia towards this type of tourism.

Undoubtedly, the actions of the Federal Tourism Agency have the greatest power in solving problems. For example, within the framework of the federal target program "Development of domestic and inbound tourism in the Russian Federation (2011-2018)", it is envisaged to solve the problem of promoting the Russian tourist product.

It should be noted that in 2014 the demand for event tourism in Russia has grown significantly. This is primarily due to the past sporting events in Sochi: the 2014 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games.

Note that event tourism has a number of indisputable advantages over other types of tourism: predictability in terms of time and volume, the ability to fill in gaps by tourists in the "low" seasons.

In recent years, there have been trends in the development of this type of tourism: a sharp increase in the number of events, their globalization, cloning in different countries, a change in the image along with an increase in technology, as well as an obvious positive role in the development of destinations.

Literature

1. A. Babkin... Special types of tourism. Rostov-on-Don: Phoenix, 2008 .-- 252 p.
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4. Kosolapov, A. B... Geography of Russian domestic tourism. / A. B. Kosolapov - M .: KnoRus, 2008.