Building your own home is unthinkable without a place where you can store tools. A barn, garage or similar outbuilding precedes the "development" of the land. Well, the construction itself begins with the foundation. Preparing a foundation for a barn with your own hands is a simple task, but it requires preparation. In addition, the invaluable experience gained will be useful in the future. The topic of theoretical and practical skills will seem extremely useful when working on larger objects.

An outbuilding on the site, at first glance, may seem very simple, in terms of construction, construction. This simplicity is deceptive.. But do not forget that the thoroughness of the approach during construction will ensure long-term operation without repair. The appearance without cracks and dampness will be attractive with proper construction, which begins, regardless of the fact that it will be a foundation.

The soil as it is

Before starting work, you need to answer the question of how to make the building for a long time stood without marriage and at no extra cost. The answer includes many conditions that should be carefully considered. First of all, it is necessary to choose the type of foundation that, without prejudice to itself, will perceive, distribute and transfer the load from the building to the ground, and at the same time it will not deform itself.

We are talking about the relatively inexpensive construction of a garage or barn, costs must be economically justified. Why invest heavily in a deep slab foundation where you can get by with a cheap pile foundation?

The choice of the type of foundation for the future construction is primarily influenced by the soil located on the site. In our latitudes, rocky, sandy, gravel soils are found. At the construction site, sandy loam and loam may be unfavorable for construction.

rock variant soil is the most favorable for construction - this is an almost natural version of the foundation, which nature itself has prepared. It is stable, does not change its structure during frost, is not affected by moisture. There is only one drawback - digging it is a very time-consuming task, which only compensates for its small volumes. On such soil, the depth of the base may not be very deep.

How good is the type described above, how bad is the view from sandy loam and loam. It has a high freezing depth, like sandy soil, it forms quicksands, which, if the depth of the foundation device is insufficient, can move the wall of the structure to the side. With these types of soil, the foundation must exceed the freezing depth.

Outbuildings are not too heavy, so it is suitable for them shallow foundation, the dependence on the effect of low temperatures on the soil has not gone away, on average it is believed that the depth of the foundation for the barn is sufficient, with a size of sixty centimeters.

Tape

Historically, the most commonly used foundation is strip foundation. For a shed 6 by 3 meters, this option is not bad, since the subtleties of the production of this foundation are known to almost everyone. A strip foundation for a barn is a fairly justified choice, this is a time-tested solution, if it is built correctly, will last for many years.

Recall how to do it.

Along the perimeter of the building, whatever it is, digging a trench, about seventy centimeters wide, the depth should be fifteen centimeters higher than the freezing level. Bottom compacted in several passes, then a pillow is prepared at the bottom. It finally levels the bottom of the ditch, and takes on some of the functions of the foundation itself, plus it provides protection from moisture.

Making a foundation without a pillow is a common mistake builders make. The pillow will better cope with its “duties” if you make two layers: a compacted ten-centimeter layer of rubble and half the size of sand. Then formwork is being prepared, its height should be twenty-five centimeters above ground level.

Reinforcement strengthen the concrete and the foundation of the house. A mesh with a cell width of about thirty centimeters is knitted from reinforcement with a diameter of 1.2 centimeters. Concrete is gradually poured into the prepared pit, after hardening, the wooden frame is removed, the remaining voids are covered with earth. After laying the waterproofing, you can continue construction. Knowledge of the technology of how to pour the foundation for a barn and practical experience will be useful in the further arrangement of the site.

Columnar

A columnar foundation for a barn will be cheaper. The only thing hindering the widespread use of this option is that it cannot be laid on moving soils, since the connection between the supports is not rigid enough. However, favorable soils make a barn foundation a better choice. This foundation, as well as the tape one, is quite possible to make it yourself.

Work is provided in the corners, and depending on the design, and at the intersection of the walls, installation of poles. The columnar foundation for the barn provides for the use of brick, concrete, asbestos pipes filled with cement mortar. Work requires exercises with a shovel, but in a much smaller volume than with a strip base.

Below the freezing depth, pits are dug, their bottom is compacted, a fifteen-centimeter pillow of crushed stone-sand mixture is poured. She is also rammed. The next step is the installation of the supports themselves. Either, after preparing the formwork, a solution is poured, or bricks are laid, the meaning is the same. A metal rod is installed inside the support, which increases the bearing capacity. A columnar foundation for a barn will reduce material consumption, the amount of earthwork and construction time.

Foam blocks

Foam blocks are quite common construction material, which excellent for foundation construction. When choosing such a solution, it is even possible to continue construction from foam blocks, walls made of this material will not create an additional load on the base. But do not forget, in this case, about waterproofing.

The prevalence of construction from foam blocks is due to adequate price for this material, its lightness, not at the expense of strength. Strength, in turn, allows it to be used to form the foundation. Perhaps this is for the barn the best option basics.

This type of construction is like building strip foundation. In the same way, soil is developed around the perimeter, the bottom requires compaction. Similarly to the first option considered, a pillow is created from two layers. A wooden blind area will create boundaries for concrete, the height of which is within twenty centimeters. After it is poured and solidified, it is time to install the blocks.

A barn is necessary and irreplaceable on a personal plot, in the country. A wide selection of tools and materials in the distribution network allows you to build an outbuilding yourself without the help of a professional builder. And you need to start with a solid foundation. There are quite interesting options for how to make a foundation for a barn with your own hands.

When constructing a foundation for a barn, it is necessary to take into account the type and properties of the soil on which it will stand. Correct analysis soil will allow you to choose the best option for the foundation itself.

Types of soils for placing light shed-type buildings:

• rocky;
• sandy;
• clayey;
• gravel;
• loams;
• sandy loam.

Shed needed on site

Despite the fact that the barn is considered a light building, the most preferable for its construction is rocky soil in the form of a continuous array without cracks and voids. Such properties of rocky soil as the absence of subsidence, freezing in winter, quicksand provide rigid stability of the foundation and the entire structure as a whole.

However modern technologies laying the foundations allows no less successful construction on sandy, clay, gravel soils, as well as on loam and sandy loam. The problem of these places is that frosty heaving, quicksand, significant compression and subsidence of the soil can appear here.

Attention! In regions with frosty winters, clay soil saturated with groundwater freezes and significantly increases in volume (swells). This leads to a rupture of the foundation!

Heaving is manifested both under the base of the foundation and from the sides. There are several options for protecting the foundation for a barn on heaving soils:

• excavation of heaving soil at the site of the future structure and its replacement with coarse sand, crushed stone;
• laying the foundation for a barn to a depth below the freezing point;
• insulation and waterproofing of the base of the foundation and sides;
• monolithic foundation.

Quicksand, soils with organic impurities and bulk are considered unsuitable for all types of construction.

Mortar for pouring the foundation under the barn

A solid foundation for a barn ensures the durability and reliable operation of an outbuilding. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully and scrupulously select the components of the solution for pouring the foundation:

• you can buy ordinary Portland cement, but always with a fresh date of manufacture;
• it is better to purchase crushed stone in a mixture with a finer fraction - the solution fits more densely, when solidified it will become more monolithic, cement consumption will be reduced;
• sand and gravel must be free of debris and impurities;
• it is better to use fresh clean water.

Important! For mortar, cement is mixed with sand and gravel in a ratio of 1:3:5, water is poured in portions until a thick, well-mixed mass is formed.

Types of foundations for a barn

Modern technologies allow you to choose the type of foundation depending on the type of soil, resistance to various influences (groundwater, acidic soils, soil freezing), financial capabilities. This section provides the five most commonly used options for building a foundation for a barn with your own hands, available to owners of middle-income land plots both in terms of the list of necessary materials and their cost.

Strip foundation for a shed

This type of foundation is the most versatile in relation to the type of soil, it is characterized by strength and the possibility of building a basement. The first stage is digging a trench. They start by marking the site and installing pegs around the perimeter of the future barn, and string is pulled between them.

Strip foundation for a barn

Calculation of the trench parameters: the depth of the ditch is the sum of the freezing depth of the soil layer in the area and an additional 15 cm (for example, 70 cm + 15 cm = 85 cm), the width is taken about 70 cm, while the width of the finished foundation is recommended to be 40 cm. Bottom the trenches are filled with a layer of crushed stone of about 10 cm and a layer of sand of about 5 cm. This pillow must be tamped. If groundwater protrudes when laying a trench, it is necessary to carry out additional work on drainage and waterproofing of the future foundation. The next stage is the installation of a wooden formwork protruding 20-30 cm above ground level. The most common wooden formwork is made of a 15x4 cm board. The foundation is reinforced with a reinforcing mesh with a cell diameter of 30 cm and a reinforcement cross section of 1.2 cm. . Completes the process of pouring concrete mortar.

Important! To give the foundation for the barn the necessary solidity and strength, you need to fill it in one day without interruption and tamp it well.

It is also important to remember that concrete hardens within a few days and during the hot time of the day it must be periodically watered to prevent cracking.

After the final solidification, the formwork is removed, the gaps between the foundation and the walls of the trench are filled with soil, and, if necessary, waterproofing and insulating materials are laid.

Column foundation for a barn

This is a simple foundation for a barn, a more economical option, and its implementation is available to an ordinary homeowner with little or no outside help and equipment. There is no need to dig a trench, as the foundation rests only on a few pillars dug into the ground. Option column foundation you need to carefully choose for use on moving soils, but it will perfectly fit with the not very flat surface of the area selected for the barn. The place for the construction must be cleared, if possible, leveled.

Column foundation for a barn

Clay soil is best covered with gravel. The calculation of the depth of digging in of the support pillars is also carried out taking into account the depth of freezing of the soil in the area plus an additional 15 cm. Concrete or brick supports are placed at the corners of the future foundation for the barn and at the joints of the walls. As in the first variant, a two-layer pillow of crushed stone and sand with obligatory compaction is laid at the bottom of each hole, a metal rod is placed in the center to reinforce the structure.

If the soil is mobile, loose, a reinforced concrete base can be laid on the bottom to prevent the shed from sinking. The rest of the space in the pits will be occupied by the laying of pillars. You can use brick, concrete blocks, asbestos pipes filled with concrete inside. Brickwork must be coated with waterproofing mastic, for example, bituminous. The junction of the foundation and the walls of the barn is also laid with waterproofing materials, especially if a plank shed is planned.

By the way, for a wooden light outbuilding, the supporting posts can also be made of wood. To protect against moisture, they need to be burned or impregnated with special means. Such a barn will be inexpensive and environmentally friendly. It is convenient to keep poultry or store light gardening tools in it.

Foundation for a barn from foam blocks

Foam blocks are durable, lightweight and relatively inexpensive material. It is easy to install and does not require special knowledge when building on your own. It is used not only for the foundation, but also for walls, providing less load on the ground from the erected structure. The construction of the foundation for the barn begins with the laying of a trench or foundation pit, if necessary, equipment for the basement.

The calculation of the depth is the same, and the width will be the thickness of the foam block and an additional 15-20 cm. The bottom of the trench (pit) is covered with a two-layer cushion of crushed stone and sand, on which formwork with a reinforcement frame is placed. Concrete is poured from above with a layer of 20 cm. After it hardens, foam blocks are installed.

block foundation

The foundation for a barn made of blocks is distinguished by a long service life, resistance to freezing and the effects of acidic soils, affordability and assortment, ease of installation and a reduction in time for building a foundation for a barn with your own hands.

The technique of laying blocks in a trench differs from the installation of foam blocks in that the blocks are laid directly on the concrete solution. It is better to play it safe by installing a frame made of reinforcement. It is also very important to control the level of stacking blocks from the first moment. Installation begins with the corner points of the future structure. External seams are filled with a solution with the addition of moisture protective agents. The outer surfaces of the foundation are wrapped with waterproofing materials, after which the trench can be buried. The foundation for the block shed is ready!

Monolithic foundation

Monolithic foundation for a barn

A monolithic foundation will require several large financial investments, but this fact is offset by a number of advantages. Since it rests on the ground with its entire surface and can withstand significant loads, a shallow pit can be dispensed with. The foundation will serve as a floor in the barn at the same time, on which it is convenient to put any coating. A monolithic foundation, due to its strength and stability, will last so long that it will be possible to build the next barn on it. Such a foundation is impregnable for attack from frosty heaving or moving soils.

Attention! A monolithic foundation requires high grade cement and high quality consumables.

It is better to remove the soil under the foundation and fill it with sand or gravel with a layer of 20 cm. The pillow is moistened and carefully rammed. The next stage is the laying of waterproofing, and, if necessary, insulation. Then 10 cm of mortar with large gravel. Reinforcement with a section of 16 mm is laid out on it in the form of a grid with cells of 20 cm and another 10 cm of concrete on top.

It is much easier to build a foundation for a barn than for a house, because its weight and area are much smaller, and often it is not heated. However, here you need to know some points so that the outbuilding does not collapse and rot in a few years. On what basis can a barn be placed and in what cases can one do without a foundation at all?

barn without foundation

A foundation can be dispensed with if the building is very light, wooden or OSB, or a metal container. For a small barn, the construction of a powerful foundation is not justified either economically or in terms of strength.

A barn without a foundation can be made with your own hands from a metal container. This option is attractive for many reasons. Such a barn can simply be placed on sleepers, wooden beams or concrete blocks, between which crushed stone is poured.

You can make a frame barn without a foundation. Before construction, the land at the site of the future utility block is cleared and covered with gravel. Then the racks, pre-treated to prevent rotting, are buried 60-80 cm into the ground and concreted. In this way, it is possible to build a barn from boards with a shed or gable roof. To do this, four wooden poles 3 m long are dug into the ground. For a shed shed, two of the poles are made 10-20 cm lower.

Types of foundation for a barn

The barn can be placed on the foundation of the same type as the house. But due to the small weight and size of the building, you can also find more exotic options, for example, from tires or sleepers, they also have their advantages.

The type of foundation should be chosen based on the type of soil, as well as the design and purpose of the building. For a barn in which animals or birds are kept, a different foundation is needed than for a woodcutter. The cost of materials also matters: it makes no sense to make a foundation for a barn, which is several times more expensive than the utility block itself.

Strip foundation

It is suitable for solid structures such as brick and foam block sheds, for example, in which livestock are kept. Wood is not suitable for the construction of such sheds: it rots, collapses during cleaning, such a structure cannot be called durable. For frame and plank sheds, such a foundation is not economically justified, it will come out much more expensive than the building itself and will have excessive strength, which is not needed in these cases.

The trench is dug no deeper than half a meter. It can be either prefabricated from blocks or monolithic. The second option is suitable for more powerful designs. The advantage of this type is its versatility. A shallow strip foundation can be made on sand, clay, rocky soil. How to make such a foundation for a barn with your own hands?

1. They dig a trench about 50 cm deep, 30 cm wide more than the width of the future tape.
2. A layer of crushed stone (10 cm) and sand (5 cm) is poured at the bottom. Each layer is well rammed.
3. In the trench, formwork is installed from boards 30 cm high above ground level.
4. Reinforcement is placed inside - mesh or rods.
5. Concrete is poured into the formwork. After it hardens, the formwork is removed, the tape is coated with waterproofing and the gaps between the tape and the walls of the trench are covered with earth.

Monolithic belt

This is a cheaper version of the strip foundation, suitable for a poultry house or barn. It allows you to make a floor on the ground, suitable for non-porous or clay soils. In the first case, only with highly located groundwater will it be necessary to make waterproofing and drainage. On clay soils, waterproofing of concrete is needed, insulation of blind areas and the perimeter of the building, wall drainage.

After marking the site, the fertile layer of the earth is removed, then a gravel, sand or mixed pillow is poured 0.2 m larger than the foundation on each side. Drainage pipes are placed in trenches dug around the perimeter in the form of a closed loop with a slope of 4 degrees.

If the soil is clayey, then the perimeter must be laid out with polystyrene foam, and the blind area must also be insulated at a depth of 40 cm.

Next, formwork is made from boards, reinforcement is placed in it from rods with a thickness of 6-10 mm. The concrete is then poured and compacted with a vibrator. After the formwork is removed, the concrete is coated with bitumen, mastic or waterproofed with rolled materials.

The floor is poured into the finished base on the ground, it is separated from the foundation with a damper tape.

Block foundation

Such a base for a barn is made by laying blocks in a trench. They are placed on a concrete mortar, the outer seams are made with a solution with moisture-proof additives. The laid foundation is waterproofed from all sides. After that, the trench is buried.

You can use cinder blocks. Their disadvantage is the porous structure, due to which they are quickly destroyed by moisture. Therefore, such a base must be carefully waterproofed.

Foam block foundation

The foundation for the barn can be made of foam blocks. They are laid in a trench or pit, but a concrete pad is first made. To do this, a pillow of crushed stone and sand is poured into the bottom of the trench. A formwork is installed on top, in which reinforcement is placed, and a concrete pad 20 cm thick is poured. Foam concrete blocks are laid on the hardened concrete.

The width of the trench is the width of the block plus 15-20 cm, the depth is equal to the depth of soil freezing plus 15 cm.

Columnar

A simple foundation for a barn is obtained from concrete, brick or wooden posts. It does not require alignment of small height differences, it requires less material than for tape. It should not be placed on moving soils - over time, the columns may bend or move apart, which will entail the collapse of the entire structure.

For a columnar foundation, it is necessary to dig holes in which the columns will be placed. Pits need to be dug 15 cm deeper than the freezing level of the soil. A pillow of crushed stone and sand is poured at the bottom, well tamped. A metal rod is placed in the middle. The foundation columns for the barn are laid out from concrete blocks, bricks, asbestos-cement pipes can be used, into which concrete is poured. On loose soils, a reinforced concrete base is poured to the bottom of the pits so that over time the building does not sink. For brick columns, a thickness of one and a half bricks is enough. The interior cavity is filled with concrete. brick pillars it is necessary to waterproof - coat with bitumen or mastic. The joints of the foundation and the barn itself are also necessarily waterproofed, especially if the hozblok is wooden.

If pipes are used as formwork for posts, they should be reinforced from the inside with reinforcement. Small crushed stone or pebbles must be added to the concrete. After the concrete has hardened, the columns are coated with waterproofing materials.

If concrete blocks are used, then their masonry directly depends on the size. A large block can play the role of a whole pillar.

If the soil is rocky or is coarse, gravelly sand, then the columns can not be deepened much - it will be enough to deepen 2 rows of bricks or 1 row of blocks. Then the first beam of the structure will play the role of a grillage.

From wall blocks 20 * 40 * 40, you can make a kind of columnar base on non-rocky soil. On clay soil, it will be necessary to insulate the entire perimeter of the building and make wall drainage or bury the pillars below the freezing level. In this case, the cost of the foundation will increase significantly, so it is better to do it on rocky or gravelly soil.

1. Under each column, a fertile layer is removed (about 40 cm).
2. A pillow is poured, sandy (for dry soils) or crushed stone (for wet soils), its thickness should be 20-40 cm. After pouring every 10 cm, the pillow is rammed.
3. Along the perimeter of the base, drainage is made from perforated pipes.
4. Next, lay out the columns of the blocks.

The foundation of screw piles has proven itself well on heaving, loose and other complex soils. It is easy enough to make it yourself, you just need to buy piles and screw them into the ground using a crowbar or a pipe inserted into a special hole on the top of the pile. Two people are enough to drive the pile, no equipment is required. It is desirable that the third participant monitors the verticality of the support.

Another option is bored piles. Such a foundation can be built by drilling the required number of wells in the ground and inserting asbestos-cement or polyethylene pipes into them. Also, formwork for pipes can be made from roofing material rolled into a tube, while the seam is glued with bituminous mastic. The pipes are filled by a third with concrete mortar, the reinforcement is lowered and filled to the end. Rebar for bored piles is knitted from 4 corrugated rods connected by round or rectangular clamps, as in the figure. Such a foundation is good on clay or sandy loamy soil.

Tire foundation

A foundation based on used tires (preferably large ones, from trucks) can be quite reliable. Tire columns are filled with soil or poured with concrete.

On heaving soil, tires are placed in pits dug below the freezing level at the corners and along the walls in increments of 1.5-2 m, filled with crushed stone, which is rammed, then covered with sand.

The disadvantage of a tire base is the large size of the wheels, which makes it difficult to make a pick-up to protect against moisture and rodents, so an imitation of a base is usually made for a barn. The advantage of tires is their elasticity, which decreases after concrete hardens, so the first method (with crushed stone falling asleep) is more preferable. The video shows the process of building a frame barn based on tires.

Sleeper foundation

Concrete or wooden railway sleepers play the role of a grillage when building a foundation. The disadvantage of this type of foundation is that sleepers are not always available, so it can be recommended to those who already have this material. It is also possible to build a strip foundation from reinforced concrete sleepers, laying them in a trench prepared, as for a conventional strip foundation. The sleepers are laid in several layers with dressing (the joint of each next row should be above the whole sleeper in the previous one).

Conclusion

The light weight of outbuildings allows you to make foundations for them different types, including the use of unusual materials. However, in order to obtain a quality foundation, it is also necessary to follow the construction technology, as in the construction of a foundation for a house.

• Foundation "Swedish plate"
• Types of piles for the foundation
• How to calculate the amount of concrete for the foundation
• Driven pile foundation

The device of the foundation is one of the most important construction stages. The carrier platform largely determines the durability of both large-scale capital facilities and small outbuildings. The barn cannot be attributed to demanding objects in terms of the characteristics of the foundation, however, in the technique of its construction there are many important nuances. Moreover, this operation in most cases is carried out with a modest set of materials and technical means, which in itself forces the performers to look for ways to optimize work activities. To arrange a high-quality foundation for a barn, it will not be superfluous to use proven technologies for solving such problems at minimal cost.

Preparation for work activities

Before starting the construction of the foundation, it is necessary to carefully calculate the work plan. It is important to determine the place of construction of the object, the area and orientation of technological points. An approximate layout of the shed will allow you to perform the correct positioning of the carrier platform, regardless of what technology it will be performed on. In order for the foundation for the barn to last longer and not be damaged due to defects in the ground surface at the very first stages of operation, it is important to clear the soil. The layer of vegetation must be eliminated and, if possible, the rough coating should be made not only even, but also rigid. This may also require the removal of a loose layer of soil or the use of a tamping tool. How to achieve the desired characteristics of the base surface will depend on the quality of the soil itself.

Solution preparation

Almost all barn foundation methods require the use of concrete. To prepare the mortar, you will need a basic set of water, sand and cement, but with the addition of gravel. The fraction of its elements can be any, but it is desirable to correlate it with the volume of the planned mass - the larger the pouring area, the larger the fraction. For example, gravel for a columnar foundation will have a minimum size, and for a strip foundation, it is desirable to select a large fraction. It is also important to observe the proportions for the solution from which the foundation for the barn will be made. With your own hands, in a small container, mix sand with gravel in a ratio of 3: 5, then add 1 part of Portland cement. Water is added with the expectation of obtaining a thick but tenacious mass.

The device of a monolithic foundation

This is a simple technique, but a fairly voluminous way to make a foundation. Its use is justified when it comes to the construction of a brick outbuilding. The essence of the technology lies in the construction of a solid sand cushion with the inclusion of the same gravel. Approximately 10-15 cm, a foundation should be laid, on which a cement screed will be organized in the future. But before that, a continuous formwork is formed around the perimeter of the working area, on which it is planned to install the foundation for the barn. Do-it-yourself restrictive barriers are made, within which the cement mortar will be poured. They can be made from plastic or wooden slats with panels - the main thing is that they can hold the poured mass. After that, you can proceed to the installation of reinforcing bars and the direct screed device. It should be borne in mind that the full acquisition of the strength of such a foundation may take about 2-3 weeks, depending on the working area.

How to make a foundation for a columnar barn?

The columnar foundation requires fewer materials in terms of volume, but its implementation implies a more thorough calculation. Usually, a carrier base is formed, fixed on racks fixed in the ground. If we are talking about a small barn, then four pillars with a diameter of about 15 cm are quite enough. For each of them, a hole is initially dug into which a pillow of gravel and sand is poured. Next, the column rod is installed and poured with cement. If necessary, you can use special equipment for driving piles. After that, the columnar foundation for the barn is covered with logs. The basis for the flooring will be formed by fastening structures, including grillage trim, channel and profile elements.

Strip Foundation Device Technique

This type of foundation is one of the most common in the construction of residential private houses, but for outbuildings it is considered too troublesome and unreasonably expensive. To implement this technique, it is necessary to make excavation lines around the perimeter of the working site. You will get trenches that are covered with sand and gravel. For greater reliability, a reinforcing base is also carried out in earthen niches. If a strip foundation is planned for a large barn, then trenches should be made in the central part. Further, the prepared niches with reinforcement are filled with the same solution. After the concrete has hardened, you can begin work on the flooring device, which can simultaneously act as the floor covering of the future barn.

How to make a foundation for a barn from foam blocks?

There are two common ways to build a platform for a foam block barn. In the first case, it is supposed to create contour bearing lines according to the type of strip foundation. That is, a trench is made around the perimeter, which is filled with a combination of sand and gravel, after which blocks are laid on the cement mortar. Next, a connecting structure is formed for metal flooring or durable logs. The second method is used when working with objects that are demanding in terms of resistance to high loads. In this scheme, the contractor lays the foundation in blocks all over the site. The foam block itself is distinguished by low thermal conductivity, insulating qualities, ease of processing and low price. Therefore, from the point of view of obtaining high performance qualities of the barn as a storage of materials that are demanding on the content, this foundation option may be the best.

How to choose the best foundation option?

Before analyzing possible options for a suitable foundation, you should decide on the tasks that the barn will perform and the conditions for its operation. For a small building in a warm region, it will be enough pile foundation with multiple bearing rods. It is desirable to build objects of a large area on a monolithic basis - for example, from a solid concrete screed or in the form of a block platform. These techniques will allow you to build a durable and well-protected foundation for the barn at the bottom. Do-it-yourself monolith is implemented with a standard set of tools, but requires more physical effort. For example, laying a block may require the help of at least one partner.

Can you build a barn without a foundation?

Of course, it will not be possible to do without a supporting base, but the optimization of this structural part of the barn in some cases justifies itself. So, if there are no strict requirements for thermal insulation, then it is quite possible to confine ourselves to installing the frame on four concrete blocks dispersed in the corners of the future building. You can make a barn without a foundation and on cleared soil. Such projects are usually implemented using prefabricated structures, which provide a rigid wood or metal platform that replaces the foundation. But it is important not to forget that the classic foundation also guarantees the horizontalness of the surface. Therefore, it is important to initially adjust the rough coating so that it does not have serious deviations in heights over the entire area.

Conclusion

It would be wrong to consider the foundation as a part separate from the main frame of the barn. Even the high-quality implementation of the base without taking into account the nuances of the further construction device can cause many problems during operation. The main thing to pay attention to when pairing the foundation for the barn and its structural basis is the technique of forming a hermetic bundle. The transition is usually made from concrete or wooden logs to a metal profile. Next, the main sheathing is made along the frame of the barn, which can have several layers. Docking zones can be additionally treated with sealants, mineral wool and mounting foam.

Building a solid barn is far from being such an easy task as it might seem at first glance. If you want the building to serve you for more than a dozen years, approach the issue with all seriousness! We will consider which do-it-yourself foundation for a barn is best suited for such structures.

1 Foundation for a barn - savings and practicality

Light wooden structures that will be designed to store light gardening utensils, or will be reserved for poultry, for example, a barn for geese or small cattle, do not need a monolithic foundation. For such structures, a columnar foundation made of different materials is quite suitable. The most important advantage of such a foundation is its low cost compared to a monolithic version, and even a beginner in construction can build it! At the same time, such a foundation retains high performance characteristics.

The foundation on pillars can be arranged on any landscape, even on moving soils. Carrying out hydro- and thermal insulation work when arranging such a foundation is not a necessary measure, installation is carried out even without outside help. As a bearing base, pillars of concrete, brick, natural stone, foam blocks are most often created, sometimes wooden pillars are also used. True, in the latter case, the posts must be burned and treated with special solutions that will reduce the degree of decay, otherwise the structure on such a foundation will not stand idle for a long time.

2 How to make a foundation from pillars - a step by step process

The process of building a foundation on pillars should be carried out in a few simple steps. The first stage is the preparation of the territory, which includes clearing the area of ​​debris, leveling irregularities and pouring a pillow of gravel if the soil is clayey. Then you need to make a markup, noting where which column will be located. Depending on how soft and mobile the soil in your area is, it is recommended to dig the posts from half a meter to a meter deep.

On hard soils, the recesses may not be strengthened, but on soft soils, a layer of reinforced concrete should be made at the bottom of each pit to protect the structure from possible subsidence. After that, we proceed to the second step - we make the formwork. For this purpose, boards 15 cm wide and 4 cm thick are best suited. If you do not want to fiddle with the formwork for a long time, make it from asbestos-cement or iron pipes, but these options will not be removed after pouring. After installing the formwork, reinforce with iron bars installed longitudinally.

When the fuss with the reinforcement is completed, fill the future columns with concrete mortar with fine gravel. Try to pack the solution as tightly as possible.

Then we proceed to the construction of the grillage - that part of the foundation on the pillars, which distributes the load evenly between all parts. Again, with the help of wire and reinforcement we connect the jumpers, we make a frame from the same reinforcement and mount the formwork. We fill everything with concrete and wait until it hardens completely. If you do everything neatly and evenly, then on the resulting foundation you can build a structure for a barn.

3 Do-it-yourself foundation for a barn made of foam blocks - features

It is much easier and cheaper to build a strong and insulated utility block right away than to strengthen and insulate the building during operation. In this regard, a barn for giving from foam blocks is the most successful option, since the foam blocks themselves are an excellent insulation, while being solid enough to act as masonry material. Although foam blocks are a lightweight material, a solid foundation is also needed for a foam block shed, and you can do it yourself, without involving specialists. It is best to make a strip foundation, under which trenches are dug with a depth of no more than half a meter - it makes no sense to make the foundation deeper, the structure will have a fairly light weight.

After the trenches are dug, sand and fine gravel are poured onto their bottom, with a layer no thicker than 20 cm. The reinforcing cage can be made from fairly thin rods with a cross section of 10 mm. After the frame is installed, formwork is made from boards and concrete is poured. It is extremely important to pour the entire foundation in one go, so if you are doing the work without special equipment, then you will need at least 3 assistants to quickly mix the mortar and feed it to the trenches. It will take several days for the concrete to fully harden - do not forget to water it in hot weather with plenty of water so that it does not crack.

A barn is a functional building designed to store working equipment, firewood, equipment, and organize a workshop. The construction of the hozblok begins with the arrangement of the base. Properly organizing the foundation for a barn means increasing the period of operation of the building, making your site ergonomically zoned.

Influence of the type of construction on the choice of foundation

Before you plan the base for the hozblok, you should choose its type. In suburban or private areas, the creation of the following types of sheds will be justified:

• shed buildings are distinguished by a flat, slightly inclined to the back wall, roof. The space is limited, only a door or a window is equipped. The simplest version of the base is a tape or shallow type;
• gable roofing provides for the construction of floors from tongue-and-groove lumber and doors on 3 hinges. Additional load in the form of 2-3 windows can withstand all types of fundamentals;
• squat chests are designed to store garden tools. For small buildings, a simple foundation is relevant;
• greenhouses are equipped when the barn space is not enough for the cultivation of vegetables, berries or herbs. It requires the construction of a tape type foundation designed for a massive barn;
• in the temporary hut you can not only store inventory, but also live in the summer. The building in the classical version is being built without amenities. To make your stay comfortable, lay the main communications - a shower, a bathroom, heating. The load of highways, entrance, window groups and country furniture can withstand the tape base.

When choosing the type of utility unit, you need to consider its location. A building at the back of the property will mask the view from the street. If the barn is assigned the role of a pantry, it is better to build it next to the house.

Do I need to consider the type of soil?

Before you build a foundation for a barn with your own hands, it is important to study the composition of the soil, their plasticity, the depth of freezing and the level of groundwater. The construction industry focuses on the following classification of soils:

• sandy ones acquire mobility under the influence of moisture, but freeze through by 50 cm. A successful type of foundation, made independently, is screw, monolithic or tape;
• loams and sandy lands freeze up to 2 m, can float during floods. As on clay soils, only the tape type of the base is built;
• gravel soils are not washed out by rains, do not shrink during frosts. The optimal level of freezing at which it is possible to build a base on pillars is 50 cm;
• rocky soils are characterized by hardness, but on them all foundations can be organized, except for the screw one.

In order to independently identify which type of base is suitable for a household block made of brick, wood or other material, there are several methods. Soil is being taken from the construction site. Earth mixes with water, rolls out. Then a ring is formed. If you rolled the soil without difficulty, it contains 2/3 of loam or clay. You can put the soil in a jar of water. A cloudy liquid will indicate the presence of loamy components, a precipitate that appears - about sandy ones.

Preparatory work

Before you make a foundation for a barn, prepare. Study the levels of compression of soils, groundwater, the depth of freezing and terrain features. Make a markup and purchase materials:

• concrete mixer;
• bulk raw materials - crushed stone, sand, cement;
• bricks;
• water;
• screw piles, fittings and boards;
• insulation material;
• foam blocks;
• cord, stakes;
• level, rule;
• trowel, mallet (rammer);
• bucket and shovel.

The inventory list is universal and suitable for arranging any type of base. The list of materials is corrected in the process of choosing a specific type of structure.

Construction of a column type structure

If you planned to build a columnar foundation for a barn, then the costs will be minimal. The design will receive the required strength and reliability if a certain algorithm is followed:

1. The base on the pillars needs the amount of space for mounting the support. For buildings with the simplest layout, 4 supporting pillars are enough, the complex configuration of the building increases the consumption of elements - 1 for each corner.
2. The depth of the pits in which the pillars are placed is formed 15 cm below the extreme level of soil freezing.
3. The do-it-yourself columnar view of the base for the barn provides for simple brickwork. Before it begins, a sand cushion is formed.
4. Bricks are laid out on top of the drainage layer. Masonry in 1.5 elements is carried out with dressing, which ensures the stability of the product.

The hozblok is erected in 5-7 days. This time is enough for the columnar base to harden.

foam concrete base

Except brickwork the foundation is equipped with blocks for the manufacture of which foam concrete was used. Preparatory work and digging a pit are performed similarly to the previous ones. The type of masonry is determined by the parameters of the blocks. Large, in the form of a parallelepiped, descend into the trench. The foundation of small foam blocks is laid in order and tied with cement.

Asbestos pipe pillars

The diameter of the asbestos pipes is selected according to the size of the trench. A sand and gravel pillow is laid at the bottom of the pit, trying to keep it below the extreme limit of soil freezing. The fragility of the walls of the asbestos pipe is eliminated by cement mortar, in which crushed stone or pebbles with small fractions are added. The mass is poured into the hole.

Organization of the strip base

The relevance of a solid tape foundation for any barn in private housing construction is based on the simplicity and speed of work.

Advantages of strip foundations

The design has many benefits:

• the ability to withstand heavy weight;
• affordability and easy work algorithm;
• increased levels of stability.

"Tape" is also distinguished by its versatility - it is laid on all types of soil.

Construction progress

To perform a tape type base, you need to calculate the amount of materials and refer to the step-by-step work algorithm. Do-it-yourself foundation tape is poured in a few steps:

1. The territory is marked with wooden pegs and stretched twine. The line of marks forms the line of the future base. Large outbuildings are laid out in sections.
2. A trench channel 45-70 cm wide is dug with a shovel. The depth of the pit is planned below the extreme freezing point of the soil.
3. A sand and gravel cushion is being set up at the bottom of the pit. Crushed stone with medium fractions is covered with a layer of 8-10 cm, and sand is poured over it by 4-5 cm.
4. Formwork is being constructed. For it, plywood or wooden boards are used.
5. Reinforcement is underway. Metal pins are laid inside the formwork frame, connecting them with wire. From plastic pipes of round or square section, air vents are constructed, which will be located in different parts of the base.
6. Concrete is being prepared. In home construction, it is advisable to calculate the proportions with buckets, since not everyone has access to a concrete mixer.
7. To fill the tape structure, you will need to make several cubic meters of the mixture. For 1 m3 of concrete mix, 300 kg of M500 cement, 1100 kg of crushed stone, 600 kg of sand and 150 liters of water will be needed. Optimal consumption of materials 2:5:9. The difference in the volumetric weight of the component for sand (bucket - 19.5 kg), cement (bucket - 15.6 kg) and crushed stone (bucket - 17 kg) is taken into account.
8. The mixture is poured into the formwork gradually, distributed with a shovel. Experts recommend leaving the first layer to harden, and then pour the second.

The concrete base tape completely hardens for 24-27 days.

Screw structure for utility block

Shed built on screw piles - new technology low-rise construction. The owners of their own plots can appreciate the versatility and affordability of the technique.

Characteristics of "quick build" technology

Pile supports are relevant on any soil. They are installed vertically, previously measured by the level. Screws with sharp ends and threads are screwed in and can easily enter any soil, except for hard rocks. Before starting work, the piles are leveled with a grinder and filled with concrete mortar.

Features of installing screw piles

screw foundation it is equipped quickly - 3 days are enough for the installation of piles. Work is carried out in any season. The barn, placed on screw piles with a special grillage, has a number of construction features:

• pile supports are placed in increments of 2-3 m;
• the number of elements depends on the size of the building. For a small shed, 4 piles in the corners of the building will be enough;
• the bearing capacity of piles with a standard screw diameter of 10.8 cm is determined according to the type of soil. For clay soil, supports weighing 2-4 tons are sufficient, for sandy loam - from 3 to 6 tons, for sands - 6-9 tons.

It is advisable to purchase screw piles with a diameter of 108 mm from galvanized steel. They will extend the life of the building up to 50 years.

Using a cinder block

The inexpensive cost of blocks of crushed stone, slag and sand allows you to build a foundation for a barn on your own. Hygroscopicity and high thermal conductivity will be acceptable for buildings of small dimensions.
The cinder block base is equipped in stages:

1. The soil is cleared of debris, tree stumps and leveled.
2. A trench is being dug where the blocks will be laid out.
3. A pillow is formed using a mixture of crushed stone, sand or limestone and carefully compacted.
4. Waterproofing is carried out with roofing material, on which the reinforcing frame is poured.
5. The first row of blocks is laid, and the next - in a run with it. The elements are fixed with a concrete mortar with a layer of 1 cm. To strengthen the base, a concrete mixture is poured into the cavity of the stones.
6. Having adjusted the base in height, it is strengthened with a belt of reinforcement.
7. The surfaces of the foundation walls are treated with mastic, and then thermally insulated with expanded polystyrene plates.

At the end of the work, the pit is filled up and the walls are built.

Monolithic base

A good option for making the foundation for the structure of the utility block is a monolithic slab. An ideally even base is used when a large load is created on the floor surface. For events, standard materials will be required - crushed stone, gravel, concrete, sand, boards and nails, as well as reinforcing bars with a diameter of 12 mm.

Algorithm for building a solid foundation

The fundamental monolith is equipped according to a simple instruction:

1. A pit is dug 1 - 1.5 deep.
2. At the bottom of the trench, a pillow is laid with a mixture of gravel and sand, elevated by 30 cm, the layer is rammed, crushed stone is covered by 10 cm and leveled. Be sure to control the elevation of the pillow above the ground (by 10-20 cm).
3. A formwork 10-15 cm high is constructed from lumber.
4. A reinforcing grid with cells of 200x200 mm is laid on the pillow.
5. A solution is prepared from 1 part of cement, 3 parts of sand, 6 parts of crushed stone with medium fractions and water. The mass is poured into the formwork on the pillow.

The main advantage of monolithic slabs is immobility. Absolutely flat surface eliminates the laying of flooring, ensures the tightness of the building.

What should be the solution for the monolith?

To achieve a smooth surface, the working mixture is prepared in a concrete mixer. The device thoroughly mixes the mass, removes lumps. According to the volume of the concrete mixer, the amount of wet composition is calculated, which prevents the formation of cracks on the slab.

Non-standard ideas for the bases of the hozblok

In the country, you can use foundations that are made of materials that have become unusable - tires and sleepers. You will need a certain amount of elements, a little patience and a desire to build a solid foundation for the barn.

Rubber tire construction

The fundamental structure is justified on rocky, crushed stone soils or sandstones. The tire will be a kind of formwork frame for M15 concrete, damping the mobility of the soil. A tape or columnar structure is being erected from truck tires. Works are carried out according to the construction algorithm:

1. Garbage is removed from the ground, stumps are uprooted, the top layer is removed.
2. Tires are placed at the same level in 2 tiers so that they form a column. Removed soil is poured into the cavity of the tires (about 80%).
3. Roofing material waterproofing is laid on top of the column and concrete is poured.

The basement of an outbuilding has many advantages - strength, durability, good waterproofing. In addition, the use of waste tires will save on the purchase of building materials.

Sleepers as foundation material

Reinforced concrete beams guarantee the stability of the barn, its quick repair. When working, keep in mind that the specific smell will remain on the site for a long time. The standard size of a railway beam is 2.7 m in length, which allows not only to mount a grillage, but also to equip the base for a brick or block shed.
Construction activities are carried out as follows:

1. They dig a trench channel, resembling a system for a tape-type base. The width is broken through more than the width of the sleeper by 2 times. Trench depth - 50 cm.
2. A pillow of gravel with a layer of 10 cm and sand with a layer of 30 cm is poured onto the bottom surface.
3. The bottom and walls of the trench are waterproofed, and then sleepers with strapping are placed.

Sleepers play the role of reinforcement, which increases the strength and rigidity of the foundation. In private construction work use only reinforced concrete elements.
To make a quality foundation, regardless of its variety, you need to follow a few tricks. A high-quality concrete solution is obtained from Portland cement grade M400, cleaned crushed stone and sand. Foundation construction activities are carried out sequentially - this is how your barn will receive the characteristics of strength, reliability and external aesthetics.

Good afternoon, dear subscribers of the site. Today we will learn how to make a foundation with our own hands under the barn. In the general case, a barn is not only a banal building in the household yard, in which you can either keep some living creatures or store old things, but also a multifunctional building. A shed can be used as a workshop, a deck for storage of household supplies, or otherwise take advantage of the completely dry space close to home. But in order for the shed to be able to stand for the entire period of its operation and not require monthly repairs, it will need a reliable foundation.

Types of foundations for sheds

Most often, the following types of foundations are used in the construction of sheds:

• - columnar;
• - screw;
• - tape;

Each type is characterized by its own construction features and operational qualities, however, all of them are characterized by a relatively low cost of arrangement, the inability to perceive truly serious loads, and also a simplified construction technology that is available to literally everyone who is interested.

Necessary materials and tools

It is necessary to take care of the availability of the necessary set of tools and fixtures even before the start of all work. This will allow in the future to save not only your own nerves, but also expensive materials, not to mention the time spent. And you may need the following:

1. - concrete mixer;
2. - crushed stone;
3. - cement, sand or ready-made cement-sand mixture purchased at a hardware store;
4. - bricks;
5. - water;
6. — metal fittings;
7. - waterproofing material;
8. - metal piles;
9. - Bulgarian;
10. - boards, thin plywood or thick cardboard for formwork;
11. - foam blocks;
12. - synthetic cord;
13. - pegs;
14. - building level;
15. - rammer;
16. - rule;
17. - Master OK;
18. - shovels and buckets.
19. This list is given for the general case, typical for any construction site. Therefore, depending on the type of foundation chosen, it can be somewhat modified and supplemented.

Pillar foundation for a shed

The advantages of a columnar foundation for a barn are obvious: inexpensive and quite simple to arrange on your own. However, one cannot do without strict adherence to the order of actions.

1. You need the right amount and location of foundation pillars. In the simplest case, four such pillars are required under each of the corners. However, if it is planned to build a barn with a complex layout, then a pole will also be required under each corner element of the walls.

2. Then the depth of the pits for the pillars is calculated. It should be such that the base of the pillar can sink at least 15 cm below the freezing point of the soil.

3. Now you can proceed directly to the laying of the pillars. The most common material used for these purposes is ordinary brick. Masonry in this case is carried out according to standard rules. That is, at the bottom of the pit, for the purpose of drainage, a sand cushion is created, on top of which the bricks of the column body are laid out directly. Since the barn rarely has a significant mass, in most cases a laying of one and a half bricks is enough. It is only important to carry out laying with dressing of seams in order to give the structure the necessary degree of strength.

In addition to bricks, concrete blocks can be laid out as a columnar foundation. The pit under them breaks out in the same way as described above. However, further masonry depends on the shape and size of the blocks used. If it has the shape of a sufficiently large parallelepiped, then it can simply be lowered into the pit and stop there. If the blocks are small, then they are stacked on top of each other using a cement binder.

The third option for a columnar foundation is an asbestos pipe of a suitable diameter. It is installed in a pre-dug well or pit, at the bottom of which a sand cushion was poured below the freezing point. Since the asbestos pipe walls themselves are rather fragile, in order to give the foundation the necessary strength, the pipe cavity should be filled with a concrete solution. It is best if small pebbles are added to this solution.

4. Having completed the construction of the pillar in one way or another, a layer of waterproofing should be laid on top of it. This will protect the foundation from destruction by moisture.

Video - construction of a columnar foundation for a barn

screw foundation

The design of screw foundations was developed relatively recently, but this did not prevent them from gaining considerable popularity. The successful combination of low cost and high strength even on the most unreliable soils contributed to the spread of such foundations.

Screw foundation under the barn - a great solution

The technology for arranging the foundation of screw piles is quite simple:

• - at given points, the pile is installed vertically;
• - with the help of a crowbar or a piece of pipe, the pile is screwed to the desired depth.

The design of screw piles allows them to be screwed in by two or three people. The presence of a third participant will allow you to quickly monitor the verticality of the pile being screwed in, when two piles are engaged in physical labor. At the same time, monstrous efforts will not be required, since each screw foundation pile below has sharp cutting edges that easily cut and push the soil apart. For fastening a scrap or a metal pipe as a rotation handle, there is a corresponding hole at the top of each pile.

Strip foundation for a shed

The arrangement of a strip foundation for a barn will allow you to build a fairly powerful outbuilding on its basis, because. such foundations perfectly hold any load. Work on their arrangement can be divided into several stages:

1. Marking according to the dimensions of the future barn.

2. Digging a trench to a depth somewhat greater than the freezing point of the soil in the area. The width of the trench is torn in such a way that after installing formwork made of plywood, thin boards or thick cardboard in the center, there is enough space for the foundation itself. For example, for a strip foundation 40 cm wide, trenches 60-70 cm wide will be required.

3. A pillow is poured into the bottom of the trench. It is made two-layer: sand on top, and crushed stone below. Sand should account for 5 cm of pillow thickness, crushed stone - 10 cm.

4. Formwork is created. Its height should be 20-30 higher than the ground level. This will keep the barn floor from rotting. In order for the formwork itself to gain strength, spacers and supports can be arranged inside it between the walls.

5. A reinforcing mesh is laid out at the bottom and a cement mortar is poured directly.

After complete curing, waterproofing is laid out on top of the strip foundation to protect both the foundation and the shed itself from moisture. If all the work on arranging the foundation was carried out according to the recommendations given, then the barn erected on it can last far from one year. Thus, we were convinced that to make a foundation with our own hands under a barn, everyone can do just enough, have a little patience.

28.06.2014

The construction of a utility block, ancillary premises, or, more simply, a shed in a summer cottage, is started after most of the finishing work has been completed, tools and materials must be removed and stored in a more suitable room. Building a hozblok on your own is not a particular problem, with the exception of the foundation, in which case you will have to tinker with your conscience. On how conscientiously the foundation for the barn is made with your own hands, depends on its durability, strength and the cost of repairs and alterations.

Which foundation scheme for the barn to choose

Of course, the design and type of foundation for the barn depends, first of all, on the project of the barn itself, more precisely, on the degree of its “capitality”, the heavier the building, the more and deeper you will have to dig a foundation pit for the foundation for the barn with your own hands. Four building schemes are commonly used:

• The classic columnar version of the foundation is used for lightweight structures made of boards, plywood, siding with a simple pitched roof. This is the simplest foundation for a barn in the country;
• A pile foundation can be called a universal structure; it can be used for light sheds made of timber or a frame house;
• The tape version of the foundation base is used either for a box of blocks and bricks, or for arranging a basement.

Often, a barn is set up without any arrangement of support and binding to the ground. For example, if the site has a heavy rocky soil with a high content of crushed limestone or an exit to the surface of limestone, marl-dolomite "tongues". In this case, it is easier and faster to build a foundation on one sand cushion with your own hands.

Advice! It is enough to make the correct drainage of rain flows and tamp the sandy backfill. On this basis, a barn without a foundation will last longer than on a shallow concrete strip laid on quicksand or loamy soil.

Building a barn without arranging a foundation is faster and without serious costs. But the results of such construction are poorly predictable, especially if the shed needs to be built on virgin lands, where there are no neighbors and there is no way to clarify the composition of the soil.

Is it possible to build a barn without a foundation

The best option without a foundation is suitable for a light panel shed made of OSB, plywood or lining. A lightweight structure weighs only a few hundred kilograms, but in any case, the installation of even such a lightweight structure will require the use of a “plastic” shed structure, which, along with low weight, has good adaptability to the deformation of the upper soil layer. Even though there will be no precipitation, the barn box may lean or simply rot due to the accumulation of moisture under the floor.

Therefore, for the construction of a barn without a foundation foundation, several conditions must be met:

• Low level of ground and surface waters in this particular point suburban area. To do this, you will need to make good drainage or perform a sufficiently powerful sand and gravel backfill;
• Good protection of the barn from gusts of wind. The foundation plays the role of an anchor, so most often the building is oriented according to the wind rose and hidden behind the building of a country house;
• Ensuring normal ventilation of the underground space, to remove accumulated moisture and condensate.

In addition, for the construction of a barn, it will be necessary to remove the top layer of fertile soil, tamp the soil, treat the base with a herbicide or cover it with a geotextile, lay a film and cover it with a layer of sand.

Even without a foundation, the sandy base under the barn must be carefully tamped and leveled on the horizon. The binding of the base from a bar, even treated with protective mordants, cannot be laid on sand, so the best option would be to install the beams on a curbstone, paving slabs, or, in extreme cases, a lined row of rubble or bricks.

Even a light frame structure without a foundation cannot be left simply standing on a gravel pad or on curb supports. This installation method is used only for open wooden arbors. The barn has three times the windage. For example, for a structure 2.5 m high and 2 m wide, the transverse silhouette area will be almost 5 m 2. With wind gusts up to 15 m/s, the pressure of the wind flow can reach 100 kg/m 2 . Even in the most favorable conditions, a shed without a foundation will be subject to a tipping force of up to half a ton. Even if a building without a foundation does not tip over, over time the barn will simply be thrown off the curb supports.

Therefore, the barn box must be sewn to the ground using steel rods, pipes or pieces of reinforcement hammered into the ground.

Do-it-yourself options for making a foundation for a barn

Traditionally, a barn is built either in the form of a light panel or plank structure, or from lightweight materials - gas silicate blocks and foam blocks. This option is cheaper, simpler and easier to build. Much less often, a barn is built of timber or brick, such a construction is much more expensive. It is usually resorted to if a single capital utility block is being built, which includes, in addition to the shed, a garage and a room for livestock. In this case, the foundation for the block shed is built exclusively on shallow concrete foundation strips.

The simplest columnar type of foundation

The construction of the foundation begins with leveling the site and removing the fertile soil layer, as in the previous case, it is necessary to plan a piece of land and hammer in pegs with a cord, indicating the outer perimeter of the walls. It is not difficult to make the dimensions of the boundaries of the future foundation, it is much more difficult to achieve the maximum perpendicularity of the mating sides of the future building.

Oddly enough, but the stage of marking the future columnar foundation has always been and remains the most time-consuming and requiring patience operation. To make the barn with clear right angles, when marking, special devices are used in the form of two frames.

According to the markup, we put the installation points of the columnar supports. For the foundation of a barn measuring 2x4 m, 12 supports are required. In order for each pillar of the foundation to have maximum stability, it must be deepened into the ground by 15-20 cm. We pour a pillow into the dug holes - a layer of gravel, and then sand and carefully tamp.

As foundation supports, it is easiest to use ready-made cinder blocks or cast supports into reusable formwork assembled from plastic lining. The second option is more laborious, since you have to do a fairly large amount of work:

• Collect the formwork, install it in the pit and align it with a vertical plumb line;
• Fill the formwork with concrete, after preliminary setting, the casting is freed from plastic;
• While the concrete is still damp, the upper edge is carefully cut with a knife along the horizon so that all the supporting planes of the foundation columns are at the same level.

Important! Height adjustment has always been the most difficult operation. Therefore, sometimes, instead of trimming into the thickness of the concrete “on the wet”, an anchor bolt was driven to fasten the beam strapping, the height of the foundation column was regulated by linings made of metal or cut out wooden planks.

If the foundation base needs to be made as quickly as possible, then ready-made cinder blocks can be used instead of casting. Previously, each block is tamped or upset with light blows on a sand cushion so that the supporting surface of all pillars is in the same plane. After that, the cinder blocks are fixed by pouring concrete mortar into the pit.

It remains to install the strapping of pine timber. The corners of the beams are connected half a tree and hammered with nails, it is better not to use screws. Nails allow the connection to play under load, and screws split the wood. After assembling the perimeter of the base in the same way - in half a tree, we saw down and cut the transverse beams.

It remains to treat the wood with a pickling solution and sew up the strapping with a 20 mm edged board.

Arrangement of the foundation for a capital barn

The warmest and most convenient for a summer cottage is a barn built from a foam block. The cost of construction is relatively low, most of the work, for example, a box and a foundation for a shed from blocks, can be done by hand.

Unfortunately, lightweight materials such as gas silicate block or foam concrete do not have sufficient rigidity so that walls can be installed on a light foundation. In most cases, the box has to be reinforced with reinforcing belts from reinforcement, and as a foundation for a barn from foam blocks, a shallow concrete tape is cast.

At the first stage, it will be necessary to make a pit for a shallow-depth LF. By marking the outline of the future barn, we dig a trench 20 cm wide and 50 cm deep. There are two ways to build a cast concrete foundation for a barn from blocks:

• casting into the ground;
• Traditional pouring concrete disposable formwork.

In the first case, during the construction of the foundation, a large overconsumption of concrete is obtained, casting into the ground can be used if it is possible to use rubble stone to enhance the strength of concrete. The addition of only 30% of the trench volume with fragments of heavy igneous rocks makes it possible to abandon reinforcement or any other strengthening of the foundation. In the second case, the construction of the foundation base will require additional costs for the assembly and installation of formwork panels, their dismantling, coating waterproofing and backfilling.

In practice, for a one-story barn, the foundation base is most often poured without formwork, just a pillow of gravel and a mixture of screenings and sand is laid on the bottom of the trench. The trench will need to be made wider, about 25-30 cm. So that the foundation for the barn does not crack, it is necessary to carefully align and trim the walls, remove roots and stones. Otherwise, the waterproofing film will not lie flat, and the pressure of the concrete will simply tear it apart. If the soil is sufficiently dense, then the depth of pouring can be limited to 30 cm, for sandy loam and loose loam, it will be necessary to increase the height of the tape to 40 cm.

Before pouring concrete, the edges of the trench are built up with the help of scraps of boards supported from one edge by the soil taken out during digging. Thus, it is possible to easily make a foundation base for a barn 15-20 cm high. The upper part of the base of the building, protruding above the ground, can be laid out with a large rubble stone and poured with concrete mortar. After a day or two, the earth and boards must be removed, and the film must be cleaned of soil and glued to the walls of the foundation.

Ideally, it is necessary to pour the foundation in one go, but doing it alone is quite difficult, since it will be necessary to lay at least one and a half meters of cubic concrete under a barn with a base of 2x4 m. For an ordinary 50-liter concrete mixer, this is 30 batches, and they need to be done within one day. If the concrete foundation under the barn is filled with rubble stone, then half the volume of mortar can be dispensed with. Alternatively, you can rent a 100-liter concrete mixer for a day and make 7-10 batches, it is unrealistic to buy one and a half cubic meters of concrete for the foundation of a barn, since automixers practically do not work in such portions.

Special cases of foundation construction

The place on the site for the construction of the barn, as a rule, is chosen according to the residual principle, where it is convenient to make a utility block, without taking into account the quality of the soil and the ability to build a normal solid foundation. If the shed has to be built on a slope, and even on greasy siliceous clay, then the only possible option would be to pour a mixed foundation structure. It is in many ways similar to the tape version, but bored piles are cast in the corners and midpoints of the long sides of the base of the building.

In this case, before backfilling the bottom of the trench with a gravel pad, it will be necessary to drill wells with a garden drill in the corners of the future foundation of the barn. The depth and diameter of the well are 120 cm and 15 cm, respectively. Inside the wells, a sheet of roofing material rolled into a roll is laid, and a T-shaped frame is inserted from reinforcement or a corner. The top shelf should be located at a height of 15-20 cm from the bottom of the trench. After that, you can fill the foundation with concrete and level the basement of the barn for laying the foam block.

Conclusion

If the walls of the room are supposed to be built of brick or heavy cinder block, then the foundation will need to be reinforced with reinforcement. At least two strands of 8 mm steel bar are laid for every 15 cm of foundation height. For foam block and gas silicate, the basement of the foundation tape must be reinforced with an additional armored belt. Given the relatively low rigidity of the foam block, wood concrete and gas silicate, an additional row of reinforcement will help to avoid problems during the settlement of the walls of the building.