Legislative base of the Russian Federation. Legislative framework of the Russian Federation Residential single-apartment buildings updated version

Russian FederationSNiP

SNiP 31-02-2001 Residential single-apartment houses

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    SNiP 31-02-2001


    BUILDING NORMS AND RULES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

    HOUSES RESIDENTIAL SINGLE APARTMENT

    SINGLE-FAMILY HOUSES

    Introduction date 2002-01-01


    FOREWORD

    1 DEVELOPED by the Federal State Unitary Enterprise - the Center for the Methodology of Rationing and Standardization in Construction (FGUP "CNS") with the participation of a team of specialists from leading research and design organizations

    INTRODUCED by the Department of Standardization, Technical Regulation and Certification of the Gosstroy of Russia

    2 ADOPTED AND ENTERED INTO EFFECT as of January 1, 2002 Decree of the Gosstroy of Russia dated March 22, 2001 N 35

    3 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME

    Amendments were made, approved by the Department of technical regulation, standardization and certification in construction and housing and communal services of the Gosstroy of Russia on May 26, 2004.

    INTRODUCTION

    These building codes and regulations have been developed in connection with the increasing volume of construction and the development of the market for single-family residential buildings. This type of construction is becoming more and more widespread in the world, in connection with which the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Technical Committee 59 “Construction of Buildings” has begun to develop a set of performance standards for “single-family detached and semi-detached dwellings”.

    These standards establish a set of mandatory regulatory requirements for the performance of single-family residential buildings, including safety issues, regardless of their structural systems and building materials used.

    The norms should apply to houses regardless of whether they are built at the expense of the state or municipal budget, the funds of developer organizations that carry out construction for the purpose of subsequent sale or lease, or at the expense of individual developers building houses for their own needs.

    Single-family residential buildings started under construction according to the design documentation developed and approved before January 1, 2002 may continue to be built and put into operation without adjusting the design documentation for compliance with the requirements of these building codes and regulations.

    It is envisaged to develop codes of rules of a recommendatory nature for the design and construction of single-family residential buildings. Among the first to be developed are codes of practice for the design and construction of houses with load-bearing walls of a frame structure and for engineering systems of single-family houses.

    This building code was developed with the support of the Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corporation and the National Research Council of Canada.

    The following people took part in the development of SNiP: L.A. Viktorova, Ph.D. architect; V.A.Glukharev; Yu.G.Granik, Ph.D. tech. sciences; V.N. Siegern-Korn, Ph.D. tech. sciences; S.V. Krolevets, Ph.D. architect; D.M. Lakovsky; Yu.A.Matrosov, Ph.D. tech. sciences; S.N. Nersesov, Ph.D. tech. sciences; E.Yu.Peresvetov, Ph.D. architect; N.N. Polyakov; A.V. Tsaregradsky; E.P. Shastitko; L.S. Exler.

    1 AREA OF USE

    These rules and regulations apply to newly built and reconstructed single-apartment residential buildings intended for permanent residence of people (hereinafter referred to as houses), and establish requirements for their safety and other operational characteristics that are mandatory for all legal entities and individuals involved in the design and construction of houses .

    These norms also apply to block houses, the residential blocks of which are autonomous and are considered as separate single-family houses, if they:

    do not have premises located above the premises of other residential blocks;

    do not have common entrances, auxiliary premises, attics, undergrounds, communication shafts;

    have independent heating and ventilation systems, as well as individual inputs and connections to external networks of centralized engineering systems.

    Blocked houses that do not meet these conditions are designed and built in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 31-01.

    When designing and building houses in accordance with these rules and regulations, the provisions of other more general rules and regulations that apply to residential single-family houses should also be applied, if they do not contradict the requirements of this document.

    2 REGULATORY REFERENCES

    These rules and regulations use references to regulatory documents, a list of which is given in Appendix A.

    3 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

    Definitions of terms used in this document are given in Appendix B.

    4 GENERAL

    5 BEARING CAPACITY AND DEFORMABILITY OF STRUCTURES

    Adjacent residential blocks should be separated by solid fire walls with a fire resistance rating of at least REI 45 and a fire hazard class of at least K1. Blocked houses of constructive fire hazard classes C2 and SZ must additionally be separated by deaf fire walls of the 1st type according to SNiP 21-01 with a fire resistance rating of at least REI 150 and a fire hazard class of at least K0 into fire compartments with a floor area of ​​​​not more than 600 m2, including one or more residential blocks.

    6.3 For buildings up to two stories high, inclusive, there are no requirements for the degree of fire resistance and the class of constructive fire hazard.

    6.4 In houses with a height of 3 floors, the main structures must comply with the requirements for the structures of buildings of the III degree of fire resistance according to SNiP 21-01: the fire resistance of load-bearing elements must be at least R 45, ceilings - REI 45, non-bearing external walls - E 15, non-attic flooring coatings - RE 15, open trusses, beams and girders of roofless coatings - R 15. The fire resistance limit of interior partitions is not regulated. The structural fire hazard class of the house must be at least C2.

    With a floor area of ​​up to 150 m2, it is allowed to take the fire resistance limit of load-bearing elements at least R 30, floors - at least REI 30.

    6.5 Houses with a height of 4 floors must be at least III degree of fire resistance and constructive fire hazard class at least C1.

    6.6 Each house (residential block) must have at least one emergency exit directly to the outside, including a type 3 staircase according to SNiP 21-01. An independent evacuation exit should also have public premises associated with individual entrepreneurial activities of the residents of the house, as well as premises of the basement or basement floors, if they have a heat generator on gaseous or liquid fuel and (or) store such fuel.

    It is allowed to provide evacuation exits from the indicated premises of the basement and basement floors through the floor located above, which has an exit directly to the outside. At the same time, such a room must be additionally equipped with an emergency exit according to 6.20, G* SNiP 21-01. The exit from the basement to the first floor must be equipped with a door with a self-closing device and a seal in the porch. This door should not lead to the bedroom.

    6.7 In houses with a height of 2 floors, it is allowed to use internal open stairs (type 2 according to SNiP 21-01), as well as spiral staircases and stairs with winder steps, as evacuation ones. The fire resistance limit and fire hazard class of the staircase elements, as well as its width and slope are not regulated.

    6.8 In houses with a height of 3 floors, open internal stairs can be considered as evacuation ones, if in order to exit them outside, one should climb or descend no more than one level (floor).

    If in these houses it is necessary to go down two levels (floors) to get out from the upper floor, then open internal stairs can be considered as evacuation stairs only if the following conditions are simultaneously met:

    a) each room that can be used for sleeping must have at least one window located at a height of not more than 1 m above the floor;

    b) these premises must have access directly to the corridor or to the hall with access to the balcony;

    c) the height of the mentioned windows and balconies above ground level should be no more than 7 m.

    When constructing a staircase in a house with a height of no more than three floors, it is allowed to place an entrance vestibule and floor halls in its volume. Wall and ceiling structures of such staircases, including lobbies and halls, must have a fire resistance rating of at least REI 45 and a structural fire hazard class of at least K1. The staircase may not have light openings in the walls, but be illuminated by overhead light. Stairs can be wooden.

    6.9 Houses and residential blocks with a height of 4 floors must have emergency exits from each floor, except for the first, to the stairwell or stairs of the 3rd type according to SNiP 21-01.

    6.10 When designing and building blocked houses, measures must be taken to prevent the spread of fire to neighboring residential blocks and fire compartments, bypassing fire barriers. To do this, fire walls must cross all house structures made of combustible materials.

    At the same time, type 1 fire walls according to SNiP 21-01, dividing the house into fire compartments, must rise above the roof and protrude beyond the outer wall cladding by at least 15 cm, and when used in the coating, with the exception of the roof, materials of combustibility groups ГЗ and Г4 - rise above the roof by at least 60 cm and protrude beyond the outer surface of the wall by at least 30 cm.

    Fire walls separating the residential blocks of the house may not cross the roof and the outer wall cladding, provided that the gaps between the fire wall and the roof, as well as between the fire wall and the wall cladding, are densely filled with non-combustible material throughout the entire thickness of the fire wall.

    The direct horizontal distance between any openings located in adjacent fire compartments must be at least 3 m, and in neighboring residential blocks - at least 1.2 m.

    When the outer walls of adjacent residential blocks or fire compartments adjoin at an angle of 135 ° or less, the section of the outer wall forming this angle, with a total length of at least 1.2 m for adjacent residential blocks and at least 3 m for adjacent fire compartments, must be made in this way so that it meets the requirements for the corresponding fire wall.

    6.11 Built-in parking for two or more cars must be separated from other premises of the house (block) by partitions and ceilings with a fire resistance rating of at least REI 45.

    The door between the car park and living quarters must be equipped with a seal in the porches, a self-closing device and must not open into the sleeping area.

    6.12 The building structures of the house should not contribute to the latent spread of combustion. Voids in walls, partitions, ceilings and coatings, limited by materials of combustibility groups G3 and G4 and having a minimum size of more than 25 mm, as well as the sinuses of attics and mansards, should be divided by blind diaphragms into sections, the dimensions of which should be limited by the contour of the protected room. Blind diaphragms should not be made of thermoplastic foams.

    6.13 Houses with a height of three floors or more must be equipped with autonomous optical-electronic smoke detectors that meet the requirements of NPB 66, or other detectors with similar characteristics. On each floor of the house, taking into account the need for timely notification of the occurrence of a fire, at least one fire detector must be installed. Smoke detectors should not be installed in the kitchen, as well as in bathrooms, showers, toilets, etc. premises.

    Built-in car parks and public premises must be equipped with the indicated detectors and, in addition, primary fire extinguishing equipment.

    6.14 In the absence of centralized heat supply, as sources of thermal energy operating on gas or liquid fuels, automated heat generators of full factory readiness should be used. These heat generators should be installed in a ventilated room of the house on the first or basement floor, in the basement or on the roof. Generators with a thermal power of up to 35 kW can be installed in the kitchen.

    The room in which the heat generator operating on gas or liquid fuel is located must have a window with an area of ​​at least 0.03 m2 per 1 m2 of the room.

    The gas pipeline should be entered directly into the kitchen or into the room for the heat generator. The internal gas pipeline in the house must meet the requirements for low pressure gas pipelines according to SNiP 42-01.

    In the absence of a centralized gas supply, it is allowed to use gas-balloon installations located outside the house to supply gas to kitchen stoves. Inside the house, it is allowed to install a cylinder with a capacity of not more than 50 liters.

    6.15 Heat generators, including solid fuel stoves and fireplaces, hobs and chimneys, must be carried out with the implementation of structural measures that ensure the fire safety of the house in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 41-01. Prefabricated heat generators and hobs must also be installed taking into account the safety requirements contained in the manufacturer's instructions.

    The pantry of solid fuel is allowed to be located in the first, basement or basement of the house.

    6.16 Gas fireplaces must be factory-made. The removal of combustion products must be provided in the chimney. The placement of fireplaces and equipping their gas burners with safety automatics must be carried out in compliance with the requirements in the manufacturer's instructions.

    6.17 Electrical installations must comply with the requirements of the "Electrical Installation Rules" (PUE) and state standards for electrical installations of buildings, taking into account the provisions of this paragraph, and be equipped with residual current devices (RCD).

    Electrical wiring mounted directly on the surface of building structures or hidden inside them must be made with a cable or insulated wires with sheaths that do not spread combustion. It is allowed to pass such a wire or cable directly through the structure of the house (without the use of bushings or tubes).

    Electric furnaces used for steam saunas must have automatic protection and a shutdown device after 8 hours of continuous operation.

    6.18 Houses with a height of four floors and above are not allowed to be erected outside the radius of departure of fire departments that have a ladder in their composition.

    6.19 When designing and building houses, the requirements for providing water for outdoor fire extinguishing in accordance with SNiP 2.04.02 should be taken into account.

    7 SAFETY IN USE

    The walls separating the residential blocks of a blocked house must have an airborne sound insulation index of at least 50 dB.

    8.9 Natural lighting should be provided in living rooms and kitchens. The ratio of the area of ​​light openings to the floor area of ​​living quarters and kitchens should be at least 1:8. For attic floors, it is allowed to take this ratio of at least 1:10.

    The need for natural lighting for built-in public premises is established by SNiP 2.08.02. The level of natural lighting in these rooms must comply with the requirements of SNiP 23-05.

    8.10 Enclosing structures of the house must have thermal insulation, air insulation from the penetration of cold outdoor air and vapor barrier from the diffusion of water vapor from the interior, providing:

    the required temperature on the internal surfaces of the structures and the absence of moisture condensation inside the premises;

    preventing the accumulation of moisture in structures.

    The difference between the temperatures of the internal air and the internal surface of the structures of the outer walls at the design temperature of the internal air should not exceed 4 °C, and for the floor structures of the first floor - 2 °C. The temperature of the inner surface of the structural elements of windows should not be lower than 3 °C at the design temperature of the outside air.

    The premises of the house must be protected from the penetration of rain, melt, ground water and household water leaks.

    8.11 The supply of drinking water to the house must be provided from the centralized water supply network of the settlement.

    It is allowed to provide for individual and collective sources of water supply from underground aquifers or from reservoirs based on the daily consumption of domestic drinking water of at least 60 liters per person. In areas with limited water resources, the estimated daily water consumption may be reduced in agreement with the local authorities of the Ministry of Health of Russia. The quality of drinking water must comply with hygienic standards approved by the Russian Ministry of Health.

    8.12 To remove wastewater, a sewerage system must be provided - centralized, local or individual, including cesspool, absorption or with sanitary individual biological treatment.

    The collection and disposal of municipal solid waste and waste from the operation of public premises should be organized in accordance with the rules for the operation of the housing stock adopted by local authorities.

    Sewage and solid waste must be disposed of without contaminating the territory and aquifers.

    9 ENERGY SAVING

    heating, ventilation, air conditioning and hot water systems have automatic or manual regulation;

    engineering systems of the house with centralized supply are equipped with metering devices for thermal energy, cold and hot water, electricity and gas.

    9.4 When evaluating the energy efficiency of a house according to a complex indicator of the specific energy consumption for its heating, the requirements of these standards are considered to be met if the calculated value of the specific energy consumption to maintain normalized microclimate and air quality parameters in the house, it does not exceed the maximum allowable standard value given in SNiP 23-02.

    Table 1 is excluded.

    At the same time, the engineering systems of the house must have automatic or manual regulation and, with a centralized supply, must be equipped with metering devices for the consumption of heat, cold and hot water, electricity and gas.

    9.5 Estimated value of the specific consumption of thermal energy for heating the designed house q is defined as the sum of heat losses through the building envelope and with the outgoing air through the ventilation system during the heating period, related to 1 m2 of the area of ​​the heated premises of the house and the number of degree-days of the heating period.

    9.6 In order to achieve optimal technical and economic characteristics of the house and further reduce the specific energy consumption for heating, the following are provided:

    space-planning solutions for the house, providing an improvement in its compactness;

    the most rational orientation of the house and its premises in relation to the cardinal points, taking into account the prevailing directions of the cold wind and solar radiation fluxes;

    the use of efficient engineering equipment of the corresponding range of products with increased efficiency;

    utilization of the heat of exhaust air, waste water, the use of renewable sources of solar energy, wind, etc.

    If, as a result of the above measures, compliance with the conditions of 9.4 is ensured at lower values ​​of heat transfer resistance of enclosing structures than required SNiP 23-02, then it is allowed to reduce the resistance to heat transfer of walls in comparison with the required SNiP 23-02.

    9.7 Depending on the ratio of the maximum allowable standard value of the specific consumption of thermal energy for heating the house to the calculated (), the house is assigned to one of the following categories of energy efficiency:

    at 1.25 - a house of high energy efficiency;

    at 1.25-1.1 - a house of increased energy efficiency;

    at 1.1-1.0 - the house of normal energy efficiency.

    The category of energy efficiency is entered in the passport of the house when it is put into operation and subsequently specified based on the results of operation and taking into account ongoing energy saving measures.

    9.8 The norms of this section do not apply to self-built traditional houses with chopped walls made of logs with an area of ​​\u200b\u200bheated premises not more than 60 m2.

    10 DURABILITY AND REPAIRABILITY

    10.1 Subject to the established rules, the operated house must retain its properties in accordance with the requirements of these rules and regulations during the expected service life, which can be established in the design assignment.

    10.2 The main non-repairable elements of the house, which determine its strength, stability and service life of the house as a whole, must maintain their properties within acceptable limits, taking into account the requirements GOST 27751 and building codes and regulations for building structures from relevant materials.

    10.3 Elements, parts, equipment with a shorter service life than the expected service life of the house must be replaced in accordance with the turnaround time established in the project, taking into account the requirements of the design assignment. The decision to use less or more durable elements, materials or equipment with a corresponding increase or decrease in the overhaul period is established by technical and economic calculations.

    10.4 Structures and parts must be made of materials that are resistant to possible effects of moisture, low temperatures, aggressive environments, biological and other adverse factors in accordance with SNiP 2.03.11.

    In necessary cases, appropriate measures must be taken to prevent the penetration of rain, melt, groundwater into the thickness of the supporting and enclosing structures of the house, as well as the formation of an unacceptable amount of condensation moisture in the external enclosing structures by sufficient sealing of the structures or ventilation of closed spaces and air gaps.

    In accordance with the requirements of the current regulatory documents, the necessary protective compositions and coatings must be applied.

    10.5 Butt joints of prefabricated elements and layered structures must be designed to withstand temperature and humidity deformations and forces arising from uneven subsidence of the bases and other operational influences. The sealing and sealing materials used in the joints must retain their elastic and adhesive properties when exposed to negative temperatures and when wet, and be resistant to ultraviolet rays. Sealing materials must be compatible with the materials of protective and protective-decorative coatings of structures at their interfaces.

    10.6 It should be possible to access the equipment, fittings and appliances of engineering systems of the house and their connections for inspection, maintenance, repair and replacement.

    Equipment and pipelines that can be adversely affected by low temperatures must be protected from their effects.

    10.7 When building houses in areas with difficult geological conditions, subject to seismic effects, undermining, subsidence and other soil movements, including frost heaving, utility lines should be introduced taking into account the need to compensate for possible base movements.

    The equipment and pipelines must be fixed on the building structures of the house in such a way that their performance is not disturbed by possible movements of the structures.

    APPENDIX B
    (mandatory)


    TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

    Definition

    1. House, plot

    1.1 Residential single-family house

    single-family house

    (Detached single-family house)

    A house intended for the permanent cohabitation of one family and people related to it by family ties or other close relationships

    1.2 Blocked residential house

    Note - This document applies to block houses, consisting of two or more autonomous residential blocks attached to each other, each of which has direct access to the adjacent plot

    1.3 Residential autonomous block

    Unit of single attached-family houses

    A residential block with independent engineering systems and individual connections to external networks, which does not have attics, underground floors, communication shafts, auxiliary premises, external entrances, as well as rooms located above or below other residential blocks in common with neighboring residential blocks

    1.4 Residential area

    2. Floors

    2.1 Floor

    Part of a house between the top of a slab or floor on the ground and the top of the floor above it

    2.2 Aboveground floor

    3.9 Underground

    Crawl space

    The space intended for placement of pipelines of engineering systems between the ceiling of the first or basement floor and the ground surface

    3.10 Ventilated underground

    The text of the document is verified by:
    official publication
    M.: FGUP TsPP, 2005

      Below is a sample document. The documents are developed without taking into account your personal needs and possible legal risks. If you want to develop a functional and competent document, agreement or contract of any complexity, please contact professionals.

      The system of regulatory documents in construction

      HOUSES RESIDENTIAL SINGLE APARTMENT
      SNiP 31-02-2001
      STATE COMMITTEE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
      FOR CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING AND UTILITY COMPLEX
      (GOSSTROY OF RUSSIA)
      Moscow 2001
      FOREWORD
      1 DEVELOPED by the Federal State Unitary Enterprise - the Center for Rationing and Standardization Methodology in Construction (FSUE "CNS") with the participation of a team of specialists from leading research and design organizations
      INTRODUCED by the Department of Standardization, Technical Regulation and Certification of the Gosstroy of Russia
      2 ADOPTED AND PUT INTO EFFECT On January 1, 2002 by the Decree of the Gosstroy of Russia dated March 22, 2001 No. 35
      3 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME
      CONTENT

      Introduction
      1
      Application area
      2
      Normative references
      3
      Terms and Definitions
      4
      General provisions
      5
      Bearing capacity and deformability of structures
      6
      Fire safety
      7
      Safety in use
      8
      Ensuring sanitary and epidemiological requirements
      9
      energy saving
      10
      Durability and maintainability

      Annex A
      List of regulatory documents referenced in the text

      Annex B
      Terms and Definitions
      INTRODUCTION
      These building codes and regulations have been developed in connection with the increasing volume of construction and the development of the market for single-family residential buildings. This type of construction is becoming more and more widespread in the world, in connection with which the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Technical Committee 59 "Building Construction" has begun to develop a set of performance standards for "single-family detached and semi-detached dwellings".
      In accordance with the principles of SNiP 10-01-94 “The system of regulatory documents in construction. Basic Provisions” these norms establish a set of mandatory regulatory requirements for the operational characteristics of single-family residential buildings, including safety issues, regardless of their structural systems and building materials used.
      The norms should apply to houses regardless of whether they are built at the expense of the state or municipal budget, the funds of developer organizations that carry out construction for the purpose of subsequent sale or lease, or at the expense of individual developers building houses for their own needs.
      Single-family residential buildings started under construction according to the design documentation developed and approved before January 1, 2002 may continue to be built and put into operation without adjusting the design documentation for compliance with the requirements of these building codes and regulations.
      In connection with the introduction of these rules and regulations, the scope of SNiP 2.08.01-89 * "Residential buildings" is limited only to multi-apartment residential buildings. It also provides for the development of codes of rules of a recommendatory nature for the design and construction of single-family residential buildings. Among the first to be developed are codes of practice for the design and construction of houses with load-bearing walls of a frame structure and for engineering systems of single-family houses.
      This building code was developed with the support of the Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corporation and the National Research Council of Canada.
      The following people took part in the development of the SNiP: L.A. Viktorova, Ph.D. arch.; V.A. Glukharev; SOUTH. Granik, Candidate of Technical Sciences; V.N. Siegern-Korn, PhD; S.V. Krolevets, Ph.D. arch.; D.M. Lakovsky; Yu.A. Matrosov, Candidate of Technical Sciences; S.N. Nersesov, Candidate of Technical Sciences; E.Yu. Peresvetov, Ph.D. arch.; N.N. Polyakov; A.V. Tsaregradsky; E.P. Shastitko; L.S. Exler.

      BUILDING NORMS AND RULES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
      HOUSES RESIDENTIAL SINGLE APARTMENT
      SINDLE-FAMILY HOUSES
      Introduction date 2002-01-01

      1 AREA OF USE
      These rules and regulations apply to newly built and reconstructed single-apartment residential buildings intended for permanent residence of people (hereinafter referred to as houses), and establish requirements for their safety and other operational characteristics that are mandatory for all legal entities and individuals involved in the design and construction of houses .
      These norms also apply to block houses, the residential blocks of which are autonomous and are considered as separate single-family houses, if they:
      do not have premises located above the premises of other residential blocks;
      do not have common entrances, auxiliary premises, attics, undergrounds, communication shafts;
      have independent heating and ventilation systems, as well as individual inputs and connections to external networks of centralized engineering systems.
      Blocked houses that do not meet these conditions are designed and built in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.08.01.
      When designing and building houses in accordance with these rules and regulations, the provisions of other more general rules and regulations that apply to residential single-family houses should also be applied, if they do not contradict the requirements of this document.
      2 REGULATORY REFERENCES
      These rules and regulations use references to regulatory documents, a list of which is given in Appendix A.
      3 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
      Definitions of terms used in this document are given in Appendix B
      4 GENERAL
      4.1 The construction of houses must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of these building codes and regulations and other regulatory documents establishing the rules for design and construction, on the basis of a construction permit certifying the right of the owner, owner, user, tenant of the land plot (hereinafter referred to as the developer) to carry out its development according to the design documentation, agreed and approved in the prescribed manner.
      For individual construction of houses, simplified procedures for the development, approval, approval of project documentation, supervision during construction, acceptance of the house and its commissioning can be applied in accordance with the procedure established by the state authority of the subject of the Russian Federation on the basis of the general requirements of the legislation and relevant regulatory documents on construction.
      4.2 The location of the house and outbuildings on the site, the distance from them to the buildings on the neighboring site, as well as the composition, purpose and area of ​​public premises built into or attached to the house, including those associated with the owner’s individual entrepreneurial activity, must comply with the restrictions established in building permit and (or) architectural and planning task in accordance with the current legislation, regulatory documents for design and construction and the requirements arising from the rights of residents of neighboring houses (residential blocks) protected by law.
      It is not allowed to place building materials stores, stores with the presence of explosive and flammable substances and materials, as well as consumer services enterprises that use flammable liquids in built-in or attached to the house public premises (with the exception of hairdressers, watch and shoe repair shops).
      4.3 The composition of the premises of the house, their size and functional relationship, as well as the composition of engineering equipment are determined by the developer. The home should provide facilities for rest, sleep, hygiene, cooking and eating, and other activities normally carried out in the home.
      4.4 The house must include at least the following composition of premises: living room(s), kitchen (kitchen-niche) or kitchen-dining room, bathroom or shower room, lavatory, pantry or built-in wardrobes; in the absence of centralized heat supply - a room for a thermal unit.
      The house must be provided with heating, ventilation, water supply, sewerage, electricity and radio broadcasting.
      The areas of the premises of the house are determined taking into account the arrangement of the necessary set of furniture and equipment and must be at least: common living room - 12 m2 bedroom - 8 m2 (when placed in the attic - 7 m2); kitchens - 6 m2.
      The width of the premises should be at least: kitchen and kitchen area in the kitchen-dining room - 1.7 m, front - 1.4 m, intra-apartment corridors - 0.85 m, bathroom - 1.5 m, restroom - 0.8 m. The depth of the restroom should be at least 1.2 m when the door is opened outward and at least 1.5 m when the door is opened inward.
      4.5 The height (from floor to ceiling) of living rooms and kitchens in climatic regions IA, IB, IG, ID and IIA (according to SNiP 23-01) must be at least 2.7 m, in the rest - at least 2.5 m. The height of living rooms, kitchens and other premises located in the attic, and, if necessary, in other cases determined by the developer, is allowed to be at least 2.3 m. In the corridors and when constructing mezzanines, the height of the premises can be taken at least 2.1 m.
      4.6 When designing and building a house, conditions must be provided for residents with limited mobility, and, if necessary, also for disabled people using wheelchairs. To this end, the necessary dimensions of the path on the site and ramps, as well as the appropriate dimensions of doors, vestibules, corridors and kitchens, latrines and bathrooms, should be provided.
      4.7 At the request of the developer, as part of the documentation for the house, a heat and power passport and instructions for operating the house must be submitted.
      The heat energy passport is designed to establish the heat and energy characteristics of the thermal protection of the house and its energy consumption. It is drawn up in the manner and in the form established in the current regulatory documents, taking into account the provisions of Section 9 of these rules and regulations. The passport indicates the category of energy efficiency of the house. The heat energy passport is not intended for payments for utilities and other services provided to the owner of the house.
      The instruction manual for the house should contain the data necessary for the owner of the house to ensure safety during operation, including information about the main structures and engineering systems, layouts of hidden frame elements, hidden wiring and engineering networks, as well as limit values ​​for loads on house structural elements and to its power grid. These data can be presented in the form of copies of executive documentation.
      4.8 The rules for calculating the areas of premises, determining the volume and number of storeys of a house are adopted according to SNiP 2.08.01.
      5 BEARING CAPACITY
      AND DEFORMABILITY OF STRUCTURES
      5.1 The foundations and load-bearing structures of the house must be designed and built in such a way that during its construction and under the design operating conditions, the possibility of:
      destruction or damage to structures, leading to the need to stop the operation of the house;
      unacceptable deterioration in the performance properties of structures or the house as a whole due to deformation or cracking.
      5.2 The structures and foundations of the house must be designed to withstand the following loads and impacts:
      constant loads from the own weight of load-bearing and enclosing structures;
      temporary uniformly distributed and concentrated loads on floors;
      snow loads for the given construction area;
      wind loads for a given construction area.
      The normative values ​​of the listed loads, taking into account unfavorable combinations of loads or the corresponding forces, the limit values ​​of deflections and displacements of structures, as well as the values ​​of the load safety factors must be taken in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.01.07. Additional customer requirements specified in the design assignment (for example, to loads from stoves, fireplaces, heavy elements of attachments, etc.) must also be taken into account.
      5.3 The methods for calculating their bearing capacity and deformability used in the design of structures must meet the requirements of the current regulatory documents for structures made of appropriate materials.
      When placing a house on an undermined territory, on subsiding soils, in seismic regions, as well as in other difficult geological conditions, additional requirements of the relevant norms and rules should be taken into account.
      5.4 The foundations of the house must be designed taking into account the physical and mechanical characteristics of the soils provided for in SNiP 2.02.01 (for permafrost soils - in SNiP 2.02.04), the characteristics of the hydrogeological regime at the construction site, as well as the degree of aggressiveness of soils and groundwater in relation to foundations and underground engineering networks and must ensure the necessary uniformity of the settlement of the foundations under the elements of the house.
      5.5 When constructing traditional houses in rural areas up to and including two floors, built by developers on their own, a decision on the possibility of applying technical solutions for the installation of foundations and load-bearing structures of the house can be made when issuing a building permit based on the results of previous construction and operation of houses.
      6 FIRE SAFETY
      6.1 Single-apartment residential buildings belong to class F 1.4 of functional fire hazard according to SNiP 21-01. In this regard, when designing and building houses, the measures established by these standards should be provided for preventing the occurrence of a fire, ensuring the possibility of timely evacuation of people from the house to the adjacent territory, preventing the spread of fire to neighboring buildings and residential blocks, as well as ensuring access for firefighters. units to the house to carry out activities to extinguish the fire and rescue people. This takes into account the possibility of a fire inside any room and its exit to the surface of the house.
      6.2 Fire distances between houses, as well as other structures, must comply with the requirements of SNiP 2.07.01.
      Adjacent residential blocks should be separated by solid fire walls with a fire resistance rating of at least REI 45 and a fire hazard class of at least K1. Blocked houses of constructive fire hazard classes C2 and SZ must additionally be separated by deaf fire walls of the 1st type according to SNiP 21-01 with a fire resistance rating of at least REI 150 and a fire hazard class of at least KO into fire compartments with a floor area of ​​​​not more than 600 m2, including one or more residential blocks.
      6.3 For buildings up to two stories high, inclusive, there are no requirements for the degree of fire resistance and the class of constructive fire hazard.
      6.4 In houses with a height of 3 floors, the main structures must comply with the requirements for structures of buildings of the III degree of fire resistance according to SNiP 21-01: the fire resistance limit of load-bearing elements must be at least R 45, ceilings - REI 45, non-bearing external walls - E 15, non-attic flooring coatings - RE 15, open trusses, beams and girders of non-attic coatings - R 15. The fire resistance limit of interior partitions is not regulated. The structural fire hazard class of the house must be at least C2.
      With a floor area of ​​up to 150 m2, it is allowed to take the fire resistance limit of load-bearing elements at least R 30, floors - at least REI 30.
      6.5 Houses with a height of 4 floors must be at least III degree of fire resistance and constructive fire hazard class at least C1.
      6.6 Each house (residential block) must have at least one evacuation exit directly to the outside, including stairs of the 3rd type according to SNiP 21-01. An independent evacuation exit must also have public premises associated with individual entrepreneurial activities of residents of the house, and also premises of the basement or basement floors, if they have a heat generator on gaseous or liquid fuel and (or) store such fuel.
      It is allowed to provide evacuation exits from the indicated premises of the basement and basement floors through the floor located above, which has an exit directly to the outside. At the same time, such a room must be additionally equipped with an emergency exit according to 6.20, g of SNiP 21-01. The exit from the basement to the first floor must be equipped with a door with a self-closing device and a seal in the porch. This door should not lead to the bedroom.
      6.7 In houses with a height of two floors, it is allowed to use internal open stairs (type 2 according to SNiP 21-01), as well as spiral staircases and stairs with winder steps, as evacuation ones. The fire resistance limit and fire hazard class of the staircase elements, as well as its width and slope are not regulated.
      6.8 In houses with a height of 3 floors, open internal stairs can be considered as evacuation ones, if in order to exit them outside, one should climb or descend no more than one level (floor).
      If in these houses it is necessary to go down two levels (floors) to get out from the upper floor, then open internal stairs can be considered as evacuation stairs only if the following conditions are simultaneously met:
      a) each room that can be used for sleeping must have at least one window located at a height of not more than 1 m above the floor;
      b) these premises must have access directly to the corridor or to the hall with access to the balcony;
      c) the height of the mentioned windows and balconies above ground level should be no more than 7 m.
      When constructing a staircase in a house with a height of no more than three floors, it is allowed to place an entrance vestibule and floor halls in its volume. Wall and ceiling structures of such staircases, including lobbies and halls, must have a fire resistance rating of at least REI 45 and a constructive fire hazard class of at least K1. The staircase may not have light openings in the walls, but be illuminated by overhead light. Stairs can be wooden.
      6.9 Houses and residential blocks with a height of 4 floors must have emergency exits from each floor, except for the first, to the stairwell or to the stairs of the 3rd type according to SNiP 21-01.
      6.10 When designing and building blocked houses, measures must be taken to prevent the spread of fire to neighboring residential blocks and fire compartments, bypassing fire barriers. To do this, fire walls must cross all house structures made of combustible materials.
      At the same time, fire walls of the 1st type according to SNiP 21-01, dividing the house into fire compartments, must rise above the roof and protrude beyond the outer wall cladding by at least 15 cm, and when used in the coating, with the exception of the roof, materials of combustibility groups ГЗ and Г4 - rise above the roof by at least 60 cm and protrude beyond the outer surface of the wall by at least 30 cm.
      Fire walls separating the residential blocks of the house may not cross the roof and the outer wall cladding, provided that the gaps between the fire wall and the roof, as well as between the fire wall and the wall cladding, are densely filled with non-combustible material throughout the entire thickness of the fire wall.
      The direct horizontal distance between any openings located in adjacent fire compartments must be at least 3 m, and in neighboring residential blocks - at least 1.2 m.
      When the outer walls of adjacent residential blocks or fire compartments adjoin at an angle of 135 (or less), the section of the outer wall forming this angle, with a total length of at least 1.2 m for adjacent residential blocks and at least 3 m for adjacent fire compartments, must be made in this way so that it meets the requirements for the corresponding fire wall.
      6.11 Built-in parking for two or more cars must be separated from other premises of the house (block) by partitions and ceilings with a fire resistance rating of at least REI 45.
      The door between the car park and living quarters must be equipped with a seal in the porches, a self-closing device and must not open into the sleeping area.
      6.12 The building structures of the house should not contribute to the latent spread of combustion. Voids in walls, partitions, ceilings and coatings, limited materials -
      flammability groups GZ and G4 and having a minimum size of more than 25 mm, as well as the sinuses of attics and mansards, should be divided by blind diaphragms into sections, the dimensions of which should be limited by the contour of the enclosed space. Blind diaphragms should not be made of thermoplastic foams.
      6.13 Houses with a height of three floors or more must be equipped with autonomous optical-electronic smoke detectors that meet the requirements of NPB 66, or other detectors with similar characteristics. On each floor of the house, taking into account the need for timely notification of the occurrence of a fire, at least one fire detector must be installed. Smoke detectors should not be installed in the kitchen, as well as in bathrooms, showers, toilets, etc. premises.
      Built-in car parks and public premises must be equipped with the indicated detectors and, in addition, primary fire extinguishing equipment.
      6.14 In the absence of centralized heat supply, as sources of thermal energy operating on gas or liquid fuels, automated heat generators of full factory readiness should be used. These heat generators should be installed in a ventilated room of the house on the first or basement floor, in the basement or on the roof. Generators with a thermal power of up to 60 kW can be installed in the kitchen.
      The room in which the heat generator operating on gas or liquid fuel is located must have a window with an area of ​​at least 0.03 m2 per 1 m3 of the room.
      The gas pipeline should be entered directly into the kitchen or into the room for the heat generator. The internal gas pipeline in the house must meet the requirements for low pressure gas pipelines according to SNiP 2.04.08.
      In the absence of a centralized gas supply, it is allowed to use gas-balloon installations located outside the house to supply gas to kitchen stoves. Inside the house, it is allowed to install a cylinder with a capacity of not more than 50 liters.
      6.15 Heat generators, including solid fuel stoves and fireplaces, cooking stoves and chimneys, must be made with the implementation of structural measures that ensure the fire safety of the house in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.04.05. Prefabricated heat generators and hobs must also be installed taking into account the safety requirements contained in the manufacturer's instructions.
      The pantry of solid fuel is allowed to be located in the first, basement or basement of the house.
      6.16 Gas fireplaces must be factory-made. The removal of combustion products must be provided in the chimney. The placement of fireplaces and equipping their gas burners with safety automatics must be carried out in compliance with the requirements in the manufacturer's instructions.
      6.17 Electrical installations must comply with the requirements of the "Electrical Installation Rules (PUE)" and state standards for electrical installations of buildings, taking into account the provisions of this paragraph, and be equipped with residual current devices (RCD).
      Electrical wiring mounted directly on the surface of building structures or hidden inside them must be made with a cable or insulated wires with sheaths that do not spread combustion. It is allowed to pass such a wire or cable directly through the structure of the house (without the use of bushings or tubes).
      Electric furnaces used for steam saunas must have automatic protection and a shutdown device after 8 hours of continuous operation.
      6.18 Houses with a height of four floors and above are not allowed to be erected outside the radius of departure of fire departments that have a ladder in their composition.
      6.19 When designing and building houses, the requirements for providing water for outdoor fire extinguishing in accordance with SNiP 2.04.02 should be taken into account.
      7 SAFETY IN USE
      7.1 The house must be designed, built and equipped in such a way as to prevent the risk of injury to residents when moving inside and around the house, when entering and leaving the house, as well as when using its moving parts and engineering equipment.
      7.2 The slope and width of flights of stairs and ramps, the height of the steps, the width of the treads, the width of the landings, the height of the passages on the stairs, the basement, the attic, the floor level differences, as well as the size of the doorways, should ensure the convenience and safety of movement and the ability to move items of equipment in the premises Houses. Where necessary, handrails should be provided. The use of ladders with different step heights is not allowed.
      7.3 The height of the railings of stairs, balconies, loggias, terraces, roofs and other places of dangerous height differences should be sufficient to prevent falls and be at least 0.9 m.
      Fencing must be continuous, equipped with handrails and designed to absorb loads of at least 0.3 kN/m.
      7.4 In the house and on the site, the necessary measures to protect against unauthorized intrusion should be provided.
      7.5 Structural solutions of the elements of the house (including the location of voids, methods of sealing the places where pipelines pass through structures, arrangement of ventilation openings and placement of thermal insulation, etc.) should provide protection against the penetration of rodents and insects.
      7.6 The engineering systems of the house must be designed and installed taking into account the safety requirements contained in the relevant regulatory documents of the state supervision bodies, and the instructions of the equipment manufacturers. Wherein:
      the surface temperature of the accessible parts of heating appliances and heating supply pipelines should not exceed 70 (C), if measures are not taken to prevent human contact with them, and 90 (C) in other cases; the surface temperature of other pipelines and chimneys should not exceed 40 (C);
      the temperature of hot air at a distance of 10 cm from the outlet of air heating devices should not exceed 70 (C;
      the temperature of hot water in the hot water supply system should not exceed 60 (C.
      7.7 Units and appliances (for example, gas water heaters), the displacement of which can lead to a fire or explosion, in a house built in a seismic area, must be securely fixed.
      8 PROVISION OF SANITATION
      EPIDEMIOLOGICAL REQUIREMENTS
      8.1 When designing and building houses, the measures established by these norms and rules must be provided to ensure the fulfillment of sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the protection of human health and the natural environment.
      8.2 The heating system and enclosing structures of the house must be designed to ensure that the premises of the house during the heating period at the design parameters of the outside air for the respective construction areas of the indoor air temperature within the acceptable limits established by GOST 30494, but not lower than 20 (C for all premises with a constant stay of people (according to SNiP 2.04.05), and in kitchens and latrines - 18 (C), in bathrooms and showers - 24 (C.
      When installing an air heating system in the house with forced air supply during the cold season, this system should be designed to provide optimal microclimate parameters in the premises of the house according to GOST 30494 (temperature, relative humidity and air velocity, resulting room temperature and its local asymmetry) . When installing an air conditioning system, optimal parameters must also be ensured in the warm season.
      8.3 The ventilation system must maintain the purity (quality) of air in the premises in accordance with sanitary requirements and the uniformity of its supply and distribution. Ventilation can be;
      - with a natural impulse to remove air through the ventilation ducts;
      - with mechanical induction of air inflow and removal, including combined with air heating;
      - combined with natural inflow and removal of air through ventilation ducts with partial use of mechanical stimulation.
      Air removal should be provided from the kitchen, toilet, bath and, if necessary, from other areas of the house.
      Air from rooms that may contain harmful substances or unpleasant odors must be removed directly to the outside and not enter other rooms, including through ventilation ducts.
      To ensure natural ventilation, it should be possible to ventilate the premises of the house through windows, vents, transoms, etc.
      8.4 The minimum performance of the ventilation system at home in maintenance mode should be determined on the basis of at least a single exchange of air volume for one hour in rooms with permanent residence of people. From the kitchen in maintenance mode, at least 60 m3 of air per hour must be removed, from the bath, lavatory - 25 m3 ...

    Some believe that there are no rules and regulations for the construction of individual wooden houses. And this is not so at all. In the construction of wooden houses from log cabins, there are well-established and time-tested 1000 year tradition and commandments. And the state has created its own set of regulatory documents for "single-apartment residential houses" - SNiP(Building regulations).

    These SNiPs were issued by various bureaucratic "offices" under the state "roof" dozens, if not hundreds of pieces. Someone will consider such a total bureaucratization of construction as unnecessary. It's no secret that every directive that a public person can refer to is a pretext for corruption. But one cannot deny the fact that during construction there must be some general rules and recommendations that must be followed so that there is no chaos, especially with individual buildings. During the construction of private properties, most often there are violations, deviations from all kinds of rules that are difficult for the state to control. And here is the hope for construction companies, for their conscientiousness, that they will adhere to these SNiPs.


    But, unfortunately, not all construction companies are responsible for the fulfillment of their obligations to the customer. Someone does not comply with SNiPs, considering these instructions unnecessary for themselves. Some construction companies treat with disdain the centuries-old experience of wooden housing construction in Russia. After all, our ancestors, master carpenters, did not publish any SNiPs, but simply passed on the accumulated experience in building log cabins from generation to generation. This knowledge has come down to our times, has been preserved and is used in the construction of wooden houses and baths in those where real people work, who have the experience and skills of previous generations, where they build quality, conscientiously.

    Articles that may be useful in the construction of a wooden house:

    Your "road map" for the construction of a future wooden house.

    This set of rules applies to newly built and reconstructed detached residential buildings (hereinafter - houses) with no more than three floors, intended for one family (individual housing construction objects).

    This set of rules also applies to newly built and reconstructed houses with no more than three floors, consisting of several blocks, the number of which does not exceed ten and each of which is intended for one family, has a common wall (common walls) without openings with a neighboring block or neighboring blocks, is located on a separate land plot and has access to a common area (residential houses of blocked development), if they:

    Blocked houses that do not meet these conditions are designed and built in accordance with the requirements of SP 54.13330. When designing and building houses in accordance with this set of rules, the provisions of other more general sets of rules that apply to residential single-family houses should also be applied, if they do not contradict the requirements of this document.

    Note - When using this set of rules, it is advisable to check the effect of reference standards and classifiers in the public information system on the official website of the national body of the Russian Federation for standardization on the Internet or according to the annually published information index "National Standards", which was published as of January 1 of the current year, and according to the corresponding monthly published information indexes published in the current year. If the referenced document is replaced (modified), then when using this set of rules, one should be guided by the replaced (modified) document. If the referenced material is canceled without replacement, the provision in which the link to it is given applies to the extent that this link is not affected.

    4.1 It is not allowed to place trade establishments, production workshops and warehouses in built-in or attached to the house public premises that are sources of noise, vibration, ultrasonic and electromagnetic fields, pollution of drains and other harmful factors affecting the environment. It is not allowed to place stores with the presence of explosive substances and materials, as well as consumer services that use flammable liquids (with the exception of hairdressers, watch and shoe repair shops).

    4.2 The composition of the premises of the house, their size and functional relationship, as well as the composition of engineering equipment are determined by the developer. The home should provide facilities for rest, sleep, hygiene, cooking and eating, and other activities normally carried out in the home.

    In houses belonging to the state and municipal housing stock, including the social housing stock, it is recommended to take the minimum area of ​​apartments and the number of rooms in them in accordance with SP 54.13330.

    4.3 The house must include at least the following composition of the premises: living room(s), kitchen (kitchen-niche) or kitchen-dining room, bathroom or shower room, toilet, pantry or built-in wardrobes; in the absence of centralized heat supply - a heat generator room.

    In houses belonging to the state and municipal housing stock, including the housing stock for social use, it is recommended to take into account the composition of the premises taking into account SP 54.13330, the area of ​​​​the premises - in accordance with SP 54.13330, the equipment of the premises - in accordance with SP 54.13330.

    The areas of the premises of the house are determined taking into account the arrangement of the necessary set of furniture and equipment and must be at least: a common living room -; bedrooms - (when placed in the attic -); kitchens - . The width of the premises must be at least: kitchen and kitchen area in the kitchen-dining room - 1.7 m; front - 1.4 m, intra-apartment corridors - 0.85 m; bathroom - 1.5 m; toilet - 0.8 m. The depth of the toilet should be at least 1.2 m when the door is opened outward and at least 1.5 m - when the door is opened inward.

    4.4 The height (from floor to ceiling) of living rooms and kitchens in climatic regions I A, I B, I D, I D and IIA (according to) should be at least 2.7 m, in the rest - at least 2.5 m. The height of living rooms, kitchens and other premises located in the attic, and, if necessary, in other cases determined by the developer, is allowed to be at least 2.3 m. In the corridors and when constructing mezzanines, the height of the premises can be taken at least 2.1 m.

    4.5 In residential buildings belonging to the state and municipal housing stock, including the housing fund for social use, conditions must be provided for the life of people with limited mobility, the accessibility of the site, the house and its premises for people with prams, for the disabled and the elderly in in accordance with and SP 35-101. To this end, the necessary dimensions of the paths on the site and ramps, as well as the appropriate dimensions of doors, vestibules, corridors and kitchens, latrines and bathrooms, should be provided.

    The instruction manual for the house should contain the data necessary for the owner of the house to ensure safety during operation, including information about the main structures and engineering systems, layouts of hidden frame elements, hidden wiring and engineering networks, as well as limit values ​​for loads on house structural elements and to its power grid. These data can be presented in the form of copies of executive documentation.

    4.8 Re-planning and reconstruction of houses belonging to the state and municipal housing stock, including the social housing stock, must be carried out in accordance with the Russian Federation.

    5.1 The foundations and load-bearing structures of the house must be designed and built in such a way that during its construction and in the design operating conditions, the possibility of: destruction or damage to structures leading to the need to stop the operation of the house is excluded; unacceptable deterioration in the performance properties of structures or the house as a whole due to deformation or cracking.

    The standard values ​​of loads, taking into account unfavorable combinations of loads or their corresponding forces, limit values ​​for deflections and displacements of structures, as well as the values ​​of the load safety factors must be taken in accordance with the requirements. The additional requirements of the customer specified in the design task (for example, loads from stoves, fireplaces, heavy elements of attachments, etc.) must also be taken into account.

    5.3 The methods used in the design of structures for calculating their bearing capacity and allowable deformability must meet the requirements of the current regulatory documents for structures made of appropriate materials.

    When placing a house on an undermined territory, on subsiding soils, in seismic regions, as well as in other difficult geological conditions, additional requirements of the relevant sets of rules should be taken into account.

    5.4 The foundations of the house must be designed taking into account the physical and mechanical characteristics of the soils provided for in (for permafrost soils - in SP 25.13330), the characteristics of the hydrogeological regime at the construction site, as well as the degree of aggressiveness of soils and groundwater in relation to foundations and underground engineering networks. The foundations must ensure the necessary uniformity of the settlement of the foundations under the elements of the house.

    When designing and building houses, the measures established by this set of rules to prevent the occurrence of a fire, ensure the possibility of timely evacuation of people from the house to the territory adjacent to it, prevent the spread of fire to neighboring buildings and residential blocks, as well as ensure access of fire department personnel to the house to carry out fire extinguishing and rescue activities. This takes into account the possibility of a fire inside any room and its exit to the surface of the house.

    Adjacent residential blocks should be separated by solid fire walls with a fire resistance rating of at least REI 45 and a fire hazard class of at least K1. Blocked houses of constructive fire hazard classes C2 and C3 must additionally be in accordance with the Technical Regulations on fire safety and

    Individual housing construction (IZHS) involves the construction of private low-rise buildings intended for living, raising livestock, storing materials and products.

    The building and the site on which it will be located must comply with building codes and regulations specified in the legislation.

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    If you ignore these requirements, you can be left without a house and the money spent on its construction.

    Existing rules

    The site for IZHS must meet several requirements:

    • convenient location near roads;
    • conducted communications;
    • developed infrastructure of the region.

    The site must meet the requirements of the owners of future homes.

    One of the important conditions for individual construction is fertile soil, remoteness from industrial plants and good development of the area.

    But construction is also possible if these requirements do not meet, which does not affect the strength of the foundation and the safety of living in the house.

    Therefore, in the first place are - building codes and regulations.

    Without their observance, it is impossible to build a private and commercial building.

    Individual housing construction must be carried out in strict accordance with existing rules.

    Their neglect can lead to the requirement to demolish the building in court, and the owner will be required to pay a fine.

    If the building was built without obtaining the appropriate one, then the construction will have to be legalized in court, proving that the house was built in accordance with all building rules and fire safety standards.

    Reflection in law

    When designing and building residential houses, you need to focus on the rules provided for by SNiP 31.02.2001.

    They indicate the technical requirements for buildings, land and their intended use.

    Getting permission

    To get a private house, you need to contact the BTI of the municipal district or the architectural department of the city.

    Video: a new procedure for building suburban real estate

    You must have a document with you, according to which a land plot is issued in.

    Land owners will need to provide the following documents:

    In the BTI bodies, an application is written, to which copies and originals must be attached:

    1. site.
    2. on the assignment of land ownership.
    3. future building, compiled by BTI employees.

    It takes, on average, about 14 days to review documents and issue a permit.

    An applicant may be refused if an incomplete package of documents was provided.

    The permit is issued in the form of a document valid for 10 years from the date of receipt.

    During this time, the applicant can build a house, according to the existing project.

    SNiP for individual housing construction

    If the site is called IZHS, then only residential buildings can be erected on it.

    These include houses, as well as additional buildings necessary for a comfortable stay (barn, bathhouse, etc.).

    It is forbidden to carry out the construction of industrial organizations.

    When building a private house for living, it is necessary to focus on the rules provided for.

    It states that the materials used for the construction are refractory, resistant to mold and decay, and do not endanger the life and health of people.

    SNiP implies the beginning of building a house, subject to several rules:

    Construction of other buildings is allowed on the territory:

    • compost sites;
    • dry closets;
    • pit toilets;
    • sheds.

    Building placement

    Buildings must be located at a distance of more than 5 meters from the highway and at least 3 meters from streets with little traffic.

    Outbuildings are located in the depths of the site, the first, relative to the road, always becomes a residential building.

    Particular attention is paid to the distance between the buildings and the fence. For the most part, the hygienic side of the issue matters, not fire safety.

    The reason is the possible darkening of the neighboring area if the houses are too close to their territory.

    The SNiP indicates the following norms for the location of buildings near the fence:

    Distance between two parcels must be at least 3 meters (with the written consent of the parties, this indicator may be reduced)
    Buildings for keeping livestock and birds should be located at a distance of more than 4 meters from the fence
    Bath, outbuildings, toilet and shower at a distance of at least 2.5 meters
    Greenhouses on the site should be located at a distance of more than 4 meters to prevent shading of the neighboring area and the ingress of wastewater with fertilizers dissolved in them
    Garage and buildings for storage of materials (inventory) can be located 1 meter from the fence

    The best option is the location of buildings at a distance of 3 meters. This will prevent conflict with neighbors due to the shading of their site.

    Shrubs and trees deserve special attention. They should be located on the territory of the site so as not to obscure the neighboring site.

    There are several rules for this:

    Do not rely on the fact that green spaces or buildings will not cause harm if they are located in a chaotic manner.

    A tall tree on the site can grow for a long time, until a person who does not like the shade from a tall plant settles in a neighboring house.

    And in this case, not only a conflict is possible, but also a trial, ending with a demand to remove the interfering object and pay a fine for violating the rules of SNiP.

    Distance between buildings

    The location of outbuildings is regulated by SNiP 30-02-97. It specifies the rules for the placement of houses for fire safety.

    In the event of a building fire, the fire will quickly spread to the neighboring area, which will lead to the ignition of a residential building.

    Therefore, during construction, it is important to follow the norms stipulated by legislative norms.

    The distance between residential buildings is determined depending on the material of the building:

    The location of houses close to each other is allowed if the building has a “2 owners per 1 house” system.

    The distance is measured in a straight line, starting from the house, and not the fence of the neighbors.

    If there are no buildings on the adjacent territory, then primary construction is a priority. In the future, neighbors will have to measure the distance between houses.

    The distance between buildings on the site is also indicated in the SNiP.

    However, non-compliance with the described standards can lead to difficulties in the residential area, so it is recommended to follow the rules regarding the location of buildings:

    The SNiP contains information about the location of objects relative to each other.

    For example, the well should be located more than 20 meters from the compost pit, toilet and away from the fence.

    This is explained by the likelihood of toxic substances entering the water used for drinking purposes.

    Baths are given special attention. They, in most cases, are made of wood, which increases the fire hazard on the site.

    For this reason, the bath should be located at a distance of more than 8 meters from residential buildings (including neighboring ones).

    Building a garage

    Previously, there were no requirements for the construction of a garage. In 2019, changes were introduced to the SNiP.

    The garage must be more than 1 meter away from the fence. If it is arranged inside a residential building, then additional ventilation must be equipped.

    Guardrail height

    Building regulations contain some requirements for site fencing.

    The fence between adjacent areas should not be higher than 1.5 meters in height.

    It is allowed to create a continuous fence, but only half to prevent shading of the neighboring area.

    As for the external fence, there are no special requirements for it.

    But it should not be more than 2 meters high, otherwise it will be necessary to additionally coordinate the structure with the regulatory authorities.

    Any material can be used to make a fence.

    Norms for individual housing construction

    Building rules regulate not only the location of buildings on the site, but the nature of the buildings themselves.

    Having studied the regulatory documents, you can familiarize yourself with the existing norms:

    The basement floor must be more than 2 meters high if it is planned to be used for storing things and inventory. It is forbidden to equip living rooms in basements.

    Engineering Communication

    For a comfortable stay in a private house, it is necessary to bring engineering communications or think about the possibility of installing their analogues.

    Heating

    It is up to the owner of the house to decide how to install heating. It can be a wood stove, fireplace, gas boiler.

    Heating radiators are installed under the windows of the house to increase heat transfer.

    If possible, the house, with the permission of the service organization, is connected to the general heating system.

    Gas supply

    Gas supply can be used in a private house in two ways:

    1. By connecting to a common highway.
    2. from gas cylinders.

    When connecting to the central gas main, it is necessary to properly lay the pipes and make the connections of the parts. It is forbidden to conduct communication through the living rooms of the house.

    Pipes must be brought to the kitchen or heating stove. Exceptions are houses where a stopcock is installed near the entrance to the dwelling.

    Communication is laid outside the building, and not through the foundation. The elements are connected by welding.

    Shut-off valves can be installed using threaded parts.

    If you plan to use gas cylinders for cooking or space heating, then you need to buy containers with a volume of no more than 12 liters.

    The operation of cylinders of a larger volume is allowed only if they are kept in a specially designated building located away from a residential building.

    A prerequisite for the installation of gas supply is the use of at least two devices powered by this fuel.

    As a rule, these include a stove for cooking and a heating boiler.

    Power supply

    Electricity is supplied to private houses through the installation of overhead power lines (power lines).

    The main condition is that the wires should not be on the roads and interfere with the carriageway.

    On a little busy street, it is allowed to install wires at a height of 2.75 meters.

    If the site is busy, people often walk near the house and cars pass, then the distance from the ground should be at least 6 meters.

    This prevents threats and does not interfere with the movement of people and vehicles.

    The distance between the supports should be no more than 25 meters. If the house is located at a greater distance, then it is necessary to establish an additional, intermediate pillar.

    A distance of 20 cm is noted between the wires. When summing up the power line, metering devices are installed. They are mounted in a special box outside the house or inside.

    The wiring in the building must be broken with insulating material and fastened in the corners of rooms or on the ceiling.

    Wiring work must only be carried out by professional electricians!

    Water supply and sanitation

    Water supply in a private house is carried out in several ways:

    • through the central system;
    • well drilling method;
    • water supply.

    Round-the-clock cold water without additional manipulations is a connection to the central water supply system.

    If hot water is required, water heaters are installed.

    The arrangement of sewerage is carried out taking into account several requirements:

    If a toilet is being installed in the house, then the issue of arranging a cesspool is being considered.

    It can be separate from the sewerage from the kitchen or combined.

    In a private house, ventilation is not required. Windows and vents open for ventilation.

    Ventilation is installed in the bathroom and toilet, provided that there is no fresh air inflow, that is, there are no windows in the room.

    Fire safety standards

    The SNiP does not provide a separate chapter for fire safety standards.

    But the basic rules can be distinguished from the basic requirements for building a house:

    Distance between house and road must be at least 6 meters. There should be no obstacles for the entry of fire trucks
    Between neighboring houses distance must be at least 6 meters. This is provided that the building is made of refractory material, and there are no windows and doors on the adjoining side. In other cases, the distance increases to 8 or more meters.
    Wiring is laid according to the rules of the PUE when installing power supply in a wooden house, a metal corrugated pipe is necessarily used. It protects the house from fire in the event of a short smoke in the wiring or a spark. Before commissioning, the electrical wiring is checked by Oblenergo employees
    Regular check of electrical wiring the health of heating appliances is a fire prevention measure in a private house
    Do not store large gas cylinders in the house and flammable substances in open containers. There should be a separate metal box for these materials.

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