Economy. Its main members

What motivates a person to act?
What are the main needs of people?
What role does work play in society?
Are economic processes possible without human intervention?
Is the economy able to meet all the needs of people?

What is economics

You start getting to know the individual sides economic life society. The initial understanding of the economy will help you prepare for a more complete assimilation of its foundations at the next levels of training.

You encounter manifestations of the economy every day: you hear conversations at home and on the street about the prices of goods, you learn about the size of your parents' salaries, you read about taxes in the newspaper, you participate in the repair of school furniture, and you buy groceries in the store. All these individual phenomena can be combined under the general concept of "economy".

Initially, the word "economy" in translation from ancient Greek meant "management according to the rules, laws." Over time, this concept has received a broader interpretation. Thus, the English writer George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950) argued: Economics is the ability to use life in the best possible way, and modern scientists concluded: Economics is a life support system consciously built and used by people.

Getting acquainted with the activities of people in the courses of history, geography, you can be convinced that the concept of "economy" is considered in two meanings: 1) economy; 2) area of knowledge. You can offer your options on how to supplement the following definitions: "Economics is a skill ...", "Economics is knowledge about ...".

We started the conversation with individual manifestations of economic life, but behind them one can also see the most general processes and phenomena.

The main manifestations of the economy, reflecting the stage of movement of the product, include production, distribution, exchange, consumption. These phenomena are interrelated. The constantly repeating process of production, distribution, exchange and consumption is the reproduction of the product. In the process of production, economic benefits (goods and services) are created that are necessary to meet the needs of people. The produced product must be distributed by carrying out actions related to its movement from the producer to the consumer. Distribution is followed by exchange - the process of obtaining the desired product with the offer of something in return. The reproduction of the product ends with consumption - the use of the product in the process of satisfying needs.

Consider the stages of reproduction on the example of satisfying a person's need for bread. A baker, using a certain technology, bakes, that is, produces, bread. (Production.) The bakery supplies one part of its products to kindergartens, schools, and the other part to shops. (Distribution.) The seller in the store sells bread to people, i.e., exchanges it for money. (Exchange.) Schoolchildren eat fresh bread during breakfast. (Consumption.)

Using the text and illustrations, tell about the main manifestations of the economy.

Subsistence and commodity economy

Let's remember how diverse human needs are for food, clothing, housing, communication, health protection ... Why is it necessary to satisfy these needs? Quite obviously - to ensure the life and activities of people. The economy takes an active part in meeting these needs.

The purpose of the economy is to maintain and continue the life of society. For this, a variety of material goods are produced.

Material (economic) benefits are food, items, goods and services that satisfy human needs.

Economic benefits are created using such forms of economic organization as natural and commodity.

Subsistence farming is a way of organizing life in which everything necessary is produced by people themselves and only for their own consumption. This is the most ancient form of economy. It is distinguished by the use of mainly primitive tools of production, simple technologies. In a subsistence economy, there is no exchange of products and services, which makes it difficult to improve people's living standards.

A completely subsistence economy was led by the literary hero Robinson Crusoe, known to you. In conditions close to subsistence farming, the peasants of medieval Europe, India, and China lived. For many centuries, subsistence farming was characteristic of the inhabitants of the Russian village, nomadic pastoralists of the Asian and Black Sea steppes.

If your family uses products grown by their own labor, can you say that you have a subsistence economy? What else does the family use to meet basic needs?

The main disadvantage of subsistence farming is low labor productivity. It, as a rule, made it possible to provide only the most basic human needs.

Natural production has been replaced by commodity production. This is a way of organizing the economic life of society, in which people, specializing in certain types of activities, produce goods and provide services for exchange with each other.

Give examples of the specialization of people in certain types of economic activity.

Commodity economy, to a greater extent than natural economy, meets the goals of the economy - to satisfy the needs of people as much as possible. All produced products become goods intended for exchange (purchase and sale). Producers strive to increase labor productivity and improve the quality of goods in order to make a profitable exchange. People's awareness of the advantages of such a way of life led to the fact that the commodity economy, having replaced the subsistence economy, became predominant in the life of society.

Key players in the economy

The main actors in the economy are producers and consumers. It is easy to understand what role a person plays at the moment by the characteristics of the economic activity in which he is a participant. Andrey is a graduate of the Civil Engineering Institute. He created the firm "Architect" with his friends. Young people build beautiful and comfortable country houses. Andrew is a producer.

After work, Andrey relaxes with friends in the Altair cultural and leisure center: he plays billiards, works out in the gym, and has dinner in a cozy cafe. Andrew is a consumer.

As we can see, the same participant in the economy can perform both roles.

Manufacturer - one who participates in the creation of goods or the provision of services. A consumer is someone who uses goods and services to satisfy their needs.

The producer and consumer in the economy can be both an individual and a group of people, an enterprise, a state.

The manufacturer is interested in organizing his activities in such a way as to obtain the planned result at the lowest cost of all the resources necessary for the production of goods and the provision of services. This allows him to earn income and develop his production.

Having decided to earn money for traveling around the country, Peter and a friend opened the Urgent Photo salon. What is the economic interest of the salon organizers as manufacturers? Which economic knowledge will they need to succeed and grow their business?

The consumer, in turn, seeks to derive the greatest possible benefit from the consumption of goods and services, while satisfying his needs at the lowest cost. The shopper's reliance on rational, rather than emotional, buying choices allows them to cut costs and save revenue.

The economic interests of the main participants in the economy are closely interrelated. The manufacturer strives to produce those goods that will find their consumer in the future. He is forced to focus on his requests and needs. The consumer, making his choice of a product or service, tells the manufacturer what, how much and what quality should be produced. Such behavior of the main participants in the economy makes it possible to carefully (economically) and reasonably use the available resources (material, financial, labor).

Let's check ourselves

How does the economy serve people?
What form of management most successfully achieves the goals of the economy?
What is common and what are the differences between the economic interests of the producer and the consumer?
How are the activities of the main participants in the economy interconnected?

In class and at home

Learning to make a rational decision

Why do we make certain purchases? Researchers divided buying motives into emotional and rational ones.

Emotional motives include: a sense of superiority (the need to be better than others), a desire to be different from others (the desire to buy fashionable, original things), a sense of comfort (the desire to make life easier), entertainment (the desire to diversify lifestyle), the need to simply bargain.

Rational ones include: savings (interest in a deal in terms of cost savings), quality (for example, the desire to purchase durable items such as a refrigerator, vacuum cleaner, tape recorder, computer with a guarantee for greater confidence in the quality of the goods).

Think about what, in your opinion, has the greatest influence on the formation of consumer motives: the state of the economy, advertising, the level of consumer income. Suggest and justify your options.

Economists advise the thinking consumer, when making his choice, to rely on rational motives in order to get the maximum benefit from the purchase. Try to heed this advice.

Analyze what motives prevail in you as a buyer. Do they have room for rational decisions?

Economics is the ability to run a business according to the rules

Economics is a science

The economy is a life support system built by people

Economy (in history) - Agriculture, industry, trade

Leading homework: come up with a law to protect the producer and consumer (so that the word is used: goods, goods)

Public lesson

Goals: Educational

To improve the ability to work with educational and additional literature, laws.

Create conditions for the assimilation of new material in the lesson

Key concepts are economy, resources, needs, producer, consumer.

Comprehension of understanding of the main issues and terms in the field of "economics".

Application of acquired knowledge for everyday life, choice of profession, independent solution of problematic tasks

Educational

Creation of conditions for the formation of a communicative culture

Ability to work in a study group

Ability to listen and respect the opinions of others

Formation of a humanistic worldview and tolerance among students

Educational

Create conditions for the development of logical thinking, the formation of intellectual skills

Formation of the ability to critically analyze the acquired knowledge on the basis of independent study of educational and additional literature, formulate a conclusion and update one's position

Contribute to the further growth of interest in the process of cognition

Equipment -projector, PC, cards, Constitution, Civil Code, Labor Code, plasticine, dictionaries, didactic material - resource table, terms, magnets.

The lesson is the second on the topic "Economy and its participants" A.S. Pushkin:

Branil Homer, Theocritus;
But read Adam Smith
And there was a deep economy,
That is, he was able to judge
How does the state grow rich?
And what lives, and why
He doesn't need gold
When a simple product has.

Board: number, plan, rational (lat.) - reasonable.

During the classes.

1 .Org.moment. Greetings. (I'm very glad to see you!) Targeting active activity in the lesson.

Today we have the second lesson on the topic "Economy and its participants." (Therefore, the topic can not be recorded)

The main participants in the economy.

Producer and consumer.

The state is on the protection of participants in the economic process. Laws.

Economic resources.

The main rule of economics.- at the end of the lesson, we must bring it together, formulate it.

2. Repetition.

1-2 people - individual cards

1 person - at the board. (Distributes correctly - exchange, technology, distribution, production, consumption, goods)

The rest - in groups of 2 people - work with cards, textbooks, dictionaries.

SLIDE about the rules of independent work:

1. There are no bad ideas.

2. Think creatively.

3. Take risks.

4. Do not criticize.

1 card: fairy tale "Turnip", what is technology?

2 card: verse "We shared an orange", what is the economy?

3 card: verse "Robin Bobin Barabek", what is subsistence farming?

4 card: the verse “A squirrel is sitting on a cart”, what is commodity production?

We check the work at the blackboard.

3 Work with the textbook.

We continue the theme of the last lesson. SLIDE

For the first time they started talking about economics as a science: Xenophon, Aristotle (384–322 BC). It was they who first singled out the two main participants in the economic process: the producer and the consumer.

So, in order to participate in the process of the economy, by and large, two participants are needed: one who produces a product and one who consumes it.

Let's call them producer and consumer. SLIDE

We write in a notebook.

Found concepts in a textbook or dictionary (p. 94) - read aloud.

Is the hero of a fairy tale a consumer?

Fly-sokotuha, when did you go to the market and buy a samovar? (Yes)

The old man in relation to the goldfish. (No, since the old man does not pay the fish for services.)

Robinson Crusoe on the island? (No)

Talking about Andrew

(example, builder Andrey and he is resting in the evening)

Who is the manufacturer in this case? Can there be only 1 person producer, a group of people?

Imagine that Andrei did not create a company with friends, but works at a state-owned factory, so who is the manufacturer? (state)

Let's focus on the state. The state is not only a manufacturer, it performs another function. Do you think the state should protect producers, consumers and other participants in the economy or not? (Yes)

How can the consumer or producer be protected? (create laws)

4. Legislative experiment.

Work on the drafting of the law on the producer, consumer and goods. (given to be completed as an advanced homework for a group of students)

Imagine that you are invited to take part in a competition for the best consumer, producer, and product law. Two groups were given homework. We listen. (at the blackboard.)

What is the name of the main law of the country? (Constitution)

What are the real laws?

5.Search activity.

Practical work in groups of 2 people with the Constitution. - chapter 2.

We are looking for articles about economics, we write them down in a notebook. (Art. 34, Art. 35, Art. 36, Art. 37) SLIDE

We read aloud. Let's check the slide.

In addition to the Constitution, in the Russian Federation there are many more documents regulating the activities of participants in the economic process. For example, the "Law on the Protection of Consumer Rights", "Civil Code", "Labor Code" and others. Write them down in your notebook . SLIDE

6.Information

Let's return to the concept of the Consumer. Who is this? (p. 94 is someone who uses goods and services to meet their needs)

What human needs can you name? (passed in the 6th grade - biological, social, spiritual - food, water, sleep, communication, listening to music, reading, etc.)

We will talk in more detail about needs, about their types in high school.

Q: Human needs are limited? (No)

Why? (example, food, new CD, etc.)

If Old Man Hottabych, for example, fulfilled all your desires at 12.30, would you be absolutely happy at 13.00? Why?

Man as a biosocial being is in constant development and in the course of communication he forms new desires.

Russian poet of the 18th century Mikhail Matveevich Kheraskov wrote,
We never moderate our desires;
Having something, we wish the best.

So, human needs are unlimited, they must be constantly satisfied. That's what a manufacturer is for. He manufactures goods to meet our needs. But any product is made from raw materials, materials, using resources. Bread is made from wheat that is grown on the ground, paper is made from wood, we need people who will produce all this. Everything that is involved in the production process is the resources - in a notebook . SLIDE

Let's add resources to the economic process.

To the work of the one who answered at the blackboard, we will add resources, class helps - where? (from students)

The manufacturer uses 4 types of resources:-

7. Search and research activities on additional material, dictionaries.

Task: using additional literature (handouts), dictionaries, choose the name of an economic resource, give an example and prove that it is limited.

SLIDE about the rules of independent work.

1. There are no bad ideas.

2. Think creatively.

3. Take risks.

4. Do not criticize.

We are working. (While they are working, hand out tables)

There is didactic material for each on the table - a table with only headings, the guys enter answers there as they speak. I explain the task on an empty table

(gradually coming out on a SLIDE)

Economic resources

Example

Limitation

Human physical and mental abilities

+ (age, gender, abilities, mortality)

Natural resources of the planet

Means of production: machines, buildings, money

Wear out, spend

Entrepreneurship

Initiative, ability to conduct economic activities

Not all people are capable

So let's fix it. (according to the slide) - ask about Peter 1 - forest - connect with history.

8.Let's conduct a small game-research, where now I will try to prove to you that resources are limited (Game).

Distribute plasticine (to all participants). We sculpt one product of production - a commodity ( one thing) food or industrial. We consider. We break. (if we were producers, our consumers would starve to death). We prove that resources are limited, and food needs must be met more.

(While they are sculpting, music sounds: close the projector)

9. Joint withdrawal.

So, we come to the main question of the economy: You need to satisfy human needs, but how then to use resources? (RATIONAL)

(pay attention to the word "rational" on the blackboard)

The main rule of economics is:

To satisfy human needs, it is necessary to use resources rationally. SLIDE

Remember: what are the needs? What about resources? So, the main rule of economics sounds a little different:

To satisfyunlimited human needs, it is necessary to rationally uselimited resources. SLIDE

Write down in a notebook.

10. Will what we talked about come in handy in life? Where? In what situations? (in everyday life, live in market economy maybe you will become businessmen, laws - to protect yourself from deceit, a fashionable profession - a manager - an organizer - to be able to think, to know the needs of a person)

11. Fixing.

1. What laws protect participants in the economic process?

2. What resources of the economy did you learn?

3. What is main question economy?

SLIDE with test questions:

1. Which of the following cannot be described as Natural resources?

A. oil
B. natural gas
V. coal
G. gasoline

1. A person who creates economic products:

buyer

manufacturer

consumer

reseller

3. Insert the missing words in the text of the Law (Article 34 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation)

(law, property, economic)

Art.37 (free, abilities, profession)

12. Homework:

paragraph 8, task number 2, pick up newspaper articles about working people. SLIDE

13.Lesson grades.

14. Reflection - handout on the desks, mark with any sign what you think is necessary.

Thanks everyone!

Sinkwine (if time) - economics, science, system, rational, private, state, manage, produce, trade, (With unlimited needs, etc.)

"Song of the Fair"

Leonid Filatov (with changes)

Whether you're a sheriff or a cowboy, here every product is needed
Or a gold digger, - And it is not difficult to sell him,
Let's go with you, even smoke is sold here
To the fair, mate! From the fire of Giordano Bruno.

Although it happens coins Here you can easily find -
Here is a quick leak, Though this product is expensive!
But there was not and is not in the world Not only bird's milk,
Nicer place. But even bird curd.

It's sold by auction Well, in a word, whoever you are,
Whatever you want - Even if the Creator himself -
For example, Spartak's hat is harmless for you to look
And Nefertiti's shoes. To the fair, mate!

Bring at least a broken chest of drawers,
Even a dead hyena -
There will always be that weirdo
Who will ask the price.

Question 1. What motivates a person to activity? What are the main needs of people? What role does work play in society?

Motivation - a motor impulse, an emotional-volitional aspiration of a person to something, which in psychology received the name of a motive. Needs are the basis of all stimuli of behavior. Need is understood as the need of an individual for what is necessary to maintain his body and develop his personality. The need directly induces a person to activity aimed at satisfying this need. It is thus an internal stimulus to his behavior and activities. On the basis of need, a person has motives for activity, incentives for it.

Abraham Maslow recognized that people have many different needs, but also believed that these needs can be divided into five main categories:

Physiological: hunger, thirst, sexual desire, etc.

Safety needs: comfort, constancy of living conditions.

Social: social connections, communication, affection, concern for others and attention to oneself, joint activities.

Prestigious: self-respect, respect from others, recognition, achievement of success and appreciation, promotion.

Spiritual: knowledge, self-actualization, self-expression, self-identification.

Labor is an activity aimed at human development and the transformation of natural resources into material, intellectual and spiritual benefits. Such activities can be carried out either by coercion, or by internal motivation, or both.

In the process of its evolution, labor became significantly more complicated: a person began to perform more complex and diverse operations, to use more and more organized means of labor, to set and achieve higher goals. Labor has become multifaceted, varied, perfect.

Under the conditions of using more advanced resources and means of labor, the organization of labor has an increasing impact on the environment, sometimes to the detriment of the environment. Therefore, the environmental aspect in labor activity acquires a new meaning.

The joint work of people is something more than the simple sum of their labor expended. Joint work is also considered as a progressive unity of the total results of labor. The interaction of a person with natural materials, means of labor, as well as the relationships that people enter into at the same time - all this is called production.

Question 2. Are business processes possible without human intervention? Is the economy able to meet all the needs of people?

No, economic processes are completely controlled by a person.

Economy - the economic activity of society, as well as the totality of relations that develop in the system of production, distribution, exchange and consumption. The current economy is not able to meet the needs of absolutely all people.

Question 3. If your family uses products grown by their own labor, can it be said that you have a subsistence economy? What else does the family use to meet basic needs?

Yes, because subsistence farming is a farm that is used by the family itself, and not for sale. To meet basic needs, he uses the services of shops and markets.

Question 4. Give examples of the specialization of people in certain types of economic activity.

Production: metallurgist;

Design and survey activities: estimator, designer, designer;

Extraction of resources: miner;

Construction: bricklayer, installer;

Operation: elevator operator;

Medical activity: surgeon, therapist;

Agriculture: tractor driver, plowman, agronomist;

Services: driver, cleaner.

Question 5. Having decided to earn money for traveling around the country, Peter and his friend opened the Urgent Photo salon. What is the economic interest of the salon organizers as manufacturers? What economic knowledge will they need to succeed and grow their business?

The economic interest lies in making a profit to cover the cost of travel. They will need the ability to calculate economic indicators - income, expenses, losses, margins.

Question 6. How does the economy serve people?

Question 7. What form of management most successfully solves the objectives of the economy?

Question 8. What is common and what are the differences in the economic interests of the producer and consumer?

Manufacturer - one who participates in the creation of goods or the provision of services. A consumer is someone who uses goods and services to satisfy their needs.

The producer and consumer in the economy can be both an individual and a group of people, an enterprise, a state.

Question 9. How are the activities of the main participants in the economy interrelated?

Question 10. You already know that the term "economy" has several meanings. Turn to dictionaries, the Internet and find several definitions of this term. Invite classmates to discuss them and give their explanations.

Economy - the economic activity of society, as well as the totality of relations that develop in the system of production, distribution, exchange and consumption.

Organization, structure and state of some. branches of economic activity.

Economy - totality social sciences who study the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services.

Question 11. Is it possible to agree with the following statement: "The economy is life itself in all its diversity"? Justify your answer.

The economy is a sphere of people's life, without which a person cannot live. Every day a person faces economic processes(every day he goes to the store and buys something), it can be argued that the economy is life itself in all its diversity, because everywhere we are faced with the economy, without it, nowhere.

Question 12. One of the scientists of the past defined economics as the science of wealth and ways to achieve it. Do you think it is enough to master economic knowledge to become rich? What else do you need to know and be able to achieve this goal?

I believe that to become rich, you need to at least know the economy. This knowledge helps to save money, it can help in a situation where there are disputes in any question, on this topic, requiring an accurate, quick and reasonable answer. Knowing economics and a number of other sciences that relate to this topic, you can become one of the richest people in the world, for example, a businessman. But, this is not the only thing you need to know to become rich. You also need to know the behavior of the world market, the exchange rate, many other characteristics, you also need to be assertive, sociable, and be able to find a way out of difficult situations.

Question 13. Fill in the table.

Main stages of product movement

Manufacture production of Christmas decorations.

Distribution drawing up a plan of family expenses for a month, payment of allowances to families for children.

Exchange purchase of equipment for a hiking trip.

Consumption of breakfast in the school cafeteria, visits to the hairdresser, use of lighting in everyday life.

Question 14. Is there a connection between the concepts of "economy" and "wealth"? Illustrate your answer with examples.

There are many definitions of economics. There is a definition that "Economics is the science of wealth." At different times it was understood in different ways. Wealth, in turn, is an abundance of material and non-material values in a person or society. Economics (science) is a science that studies the use of various kinds of limited resources in order to meet the needs of people and the relationship between various parties that arise in the process of managing. The needs of people can also be called values that require financial resources. A successful enterprise from an economic point of view is an acquisition that brings maximum profit. And maximum profit = wealth.

Question 15. Arrange the words that characterize the process of transforming objects of nature into commodities in the correct sequence: exchange, resources, technology, distribution, production, consumption, goods.

Resources-technology-production-goods-distribution-exchange-consumption.

Question 16. S.'s family lost their potato harvest as a result of a dry summer and had to buy potatoes for the next planting at the market. What manifestation of the economy illustrates this example? Explain your answer.

Exchange: money is a commodity. The family bought goods (potatoes) for money.

Question 17. At the family council, the Petrovs decided that it would be useful to go in for sports to improve their health. Having determined the interests and capabilities of family members, they opted for skiing. We made a list of the necessary and estimated the financial resources, agreed on the place and conditions of the purchase. What is the economic interest of the family as a consumer? What economic knowledge will help her make a rational (profitable) purchase and get the most out of it?

The economic interest is to buy skis at the best price. You need to know the prices in different stores, promotions are held in them, what quality skis have depending on the price.

Chapter II.

Social studies, grade 7

Lesson #13-14

Economy and its main participants

DZ: § 8, ?? (p.71), assignments (p.71-72), “Remember” to § 9

OBJECTIVES OF THE LESSONS OF SECTION II

Form understanding of the economy as a sphere of social life, to acquaint with its main manifestations and participants.
To uncover the role and importance of the economy in meeting the most important needs of people.
Teach to characterize the role of consumer and producer, give examples of their activities, describe and compare various forms of organization of economic life.
Contribute the development by students of a rational model of behavior in economic life and activity.
Develop students have the ability to analyze simple real situations related to the fulfillment of the social roles of consumer and producer.
Contribute students' understanding of the meaning of labor activity for the individual and society.
Contribute the development of the following universal learning activities among students: independent identification and formulation of a cognitive goal; selection of the most effective ways of solving problems depending on specific conditions; orientation in social roles; participation in a group discussion of problems.

CONCEPTS, TERMS

economy;
production, distribution, exchange, consumption;
economic products, economic benefits;
natural economy;
labor productivity, commodity economy, producer, consumer;
resources (material, financial, labor).

KNOW AND KNOW

characterize the role of consumer and producer in the economy.
Drive examples of their activities.
Describe various forms of economic organization.
Research simple practical situations related to the fulfillment of the social roles of the consumer and producer

Chapter II. Man in economic relations

What do you know about How does the economy serve people? Is it profitable to produce everything? What is business? How has money changed?

What questions will you answer

Why do people do business?

Why trade is considered a source

wealth of the country?

What are the functions of money in the economy?

STUDY NEW MATERIAL

Economy and its main participants.
Natural and commodity economy.
Consumers, producers

economy

1)
1) kinds production activities associated with the production, exchange and monetary transactions between people, distribution, consumption of material goods;
2) the establishment and implementation of consumption and production;

economy

3) 4) wealth;
3) daily business life activities of people their extraction and use of their livelihoods;
4) wealth;

economy

5) the science 6) scope of the company
5) the science studying the laws of development of economic activity
6) scope of the company , a life support system deliberately built and used by people.

« economy” Literally translated from Greek “housekeeping, housekeeping laws” (“oikos” - household, “nomos” - law). Later, the meaning of this term was greatly expanded, and today the economy is understood as management of the economy not only of the family, but also of firms, industries, states or groups of states, the world as a whole .

Product reproduction

Production (in the economic sense) - the process of creating different types economic product.
Commodity production - this is a type of organization in which all products are created for sale on the market.
Distribution(in economics) - one of the phases of the process of social reproduction, a link between production and exchange.

distribution

production

product

exchange

consumption

Exchange(in economics) - the movement of goods from one owner to another / violent and non-violent (voluntary) /. Trade is a form of voluntary exchange.

Consumption- the use of the product in the process of satisfying needs. In economics, consumption is equated with the acquisition of goods or services.

commodity economy

production

distribution

consumption

exchange

Comment on the main manifestations of the economy!

The economy, as a sphere of human activity, is the resource-intensive production of consumer goods - everything that increases well-being by satisfying the various needs of people.

The main purpose of economic activity

is the satisfaction of needs.

economic product product, product, service,

satisfying a particular human need.

Economic

good

Goods

products of labor produced for sale

Services

useful amenities provided to someone

Farm forms

Commodity- way of organizing

natural –

economic life of society,

way of organizing life

people, in which everything

in which people specializing in

necessary for

certain activities, produce goods and provide services for exchange with each other.

vital activity

produced by them and

just for your own

consumption.

Key players in the economy

Manufacturer- one who participates in the creation of goods or the provision of services

Consumer –

one who uses goods and services to satisfy his needs

Art Gallery

Solntsev Fedor Grigorievich(1801-1892). " Peasant family before lunch”, 1824, oil on canvas 136 x 167. State Tretyakov Gallery Moscow.

What products could a peasant family produce for their own consumption, and what did they receive as a result of the exchange? What form of housekeeping can be attributed to the life of this family?

CONTROL QUESTIONS

How does the economy serve people?
What form of management most successfully achieves the goals of the economy?
What is common and what are the differences between the economic interests of the producer and the consumer?
How are the activities of the main participants in the economy interconnected?

Check of knowledge

1. Group the words related to the economic manifestations of society: 1) republic; 2) traditions; 3) property; 4) generation; 5) technology; 6) nationality; 7) trade; 8) creativity; 9) service; 10) outlook; 11) education; 12) legal proceedings.

Check of knowledge

2. Establish a correspondence between the forms of farming and their characteristics: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

independence of producers from each other;
obligatory exchange of products of labor between producers;
prices for goods and services are set by producers;
production of products for sale;
predominantly manual labor.

A) natural

B) commodity.

Check of knowledge

3. A person in the role of a consumer manifests himself in the process

agricultural work
participation in the economic forum
creating a work of art
domestic use of light and heat

Check of knowledge

4. Man in the role of producer manifests himself in the process

participation in elections
purchase of goods
restoration of monuments
getting money from the bank

Check of knowledge

Exercise 1

You are going to have breakfast at a fast food cafe. Apply concepts to this situation (at least one sentence using all the specified terms) "commodity", "producer", "consumer", "exchange".

Check of knowledge

Exercise 2

Give examples of goods for individual and public consumption.

Check of knowledge

Exercise 3 . Name 3-4 terms most closely related to concepts "consumer" and "producer".

Exercise 4. Arrange in the correct sequence the stages of behavior of a thinking (rational) consumer: 1) purchase decision; 2) awareness of the need; 3) evaluation of other possible choices; 4) search for information about the product.

Check of knowledge

Task 5 . Make a short statement (3-4 sentences) using the following concepts: needs, economics, production, commodity economy

reflection

What have you learned?
How?
What have you learned?
What difficulties did you experience?
Was the lesson interesting?

Check of knowledge

Answers:

1. 3579;

2. ABBBA;

3. 4;

4. 3;

5. Task 1: meet in a cafe consumer and producer through exchange of goods (of food) with money they make a deal.

6. Task 2:

7. Task 3: most closely related to the concepts of "consumer" and "producer" - market, commodity, supply, demand

8. Task 4: 2341

9. Task 5. Economy - production, aimed at satisfying needs through the organization commodity economy.

Task 2. Consumer Goods

1) toothbrush

Public consumption goods

1) school desk

2) dishes in the dining room

3) tie

A man buys something in the canteen, puts on clothes, buys tickets in public transport, children listen to adults talk about prices, wages etc. - these are all economic processes, and they directly affect people.

The economy is a system of life support consciously built by people, it is a system of using those resources given to a person by nature or physical capabilities. It is built in such a way that the maximum human needs are satisfied. Human life consists of those needs that are provided by his daily life.

Scientists distinguish two areas of economic activity: economy (management of everyday life, its organization) and science (a specific field of human knowledge that studies the management of this economy). Science is divided into separate elements: macroeconomics (studies global processes), microeconomics, etc.

The economy as housekeeping is a private type of economy. Its main task is to answer the question: “How can the amount of funds that a person has or the resources of his family be used in the most rational way in order to obtain the maximum amount of benefits?” General characteristics economics in terms of scientific knowledge, consists of the main elements of the study of economics, which were identified long before our time. They will be taught in high school.

Economic activity has 4 main components: production, distribution, exchange and consumption of goods and services produced by man.

All these elements are closely related. For example, a phone manufacturer transports products to stores (distribution), which sell this product for money (exchange), it is used by those who bought it (consumption). So all these elements interact with each other.

Human life consists of many desires that a person tries to satisfy. In different economic epochs, these needs changed: during the war, a person needs only a roof over his head, which protects him from the cold, but during a favorable political situation, a person is not satisfied with elementary needs, he wants frills.

Scientists distinguish two types of satisfaction of human needs: natural production and commodity production.

Natural economy

Subsistence farming as a type of economic production was characteristic of the countries of Western and of Eastern Europe during the Middle Ages (the period of medieval studies). This is the period of history when most farms tried to manage on his own. They not only produced everything they needed themselves, people even believed that it was wrong to use products produced by other people - this was contrary to the divine picture of the world. In the Middle Ages, people made with their own hands everything that could be useful in everyday life: glue, household appliances, dishes, etc. The variety of such things is huge, because each owner made and invented such things practically from scratch.

Subsistence farming is considered a primitive (initial) stage of development economic relations, but it should be noted that at that time the creative potential of man was very high.

Natural production is a type of production in which a person creates everything necessary for life. All students are familiar with the novel by D. Defoe "Robinson Crusoe" (Fig. 2). This work presents a type of subsistence farming. The hero of the novel creates a civilization around himself from things that were thrown onto the island after the crash of his ship.

Rice. 2. Robinson Crusoe ()

In reality, it would be difficult to organize one's life in this way, although subsistence farming has existed for quite a long time in human history. There is one big minus in subsistence farming - very low rates of production and limited opportunities. An individual person can do well only a specific thing or several, but he is not able to cover the entire range of benefits he needs.

Commodity production is a type of production in which a large number of people take part, and this production has a clear distribution of responsibilities. The participants in commodity production are the producer and the consumer of the commodity. Although the consumer does not produce the product, he is fully involved in the economic process and is part of it. The manufacturer of the goods will not produce what the consumer does not need. If one of the manufacturers began to make dresses that were fashionable in the 18th century, no one would buy them. This means that the manufacturer must always meet the interests of the consumer (Fig. 3).

Rice. 3. Everything for the buyer ()

The consumer is trying to rationally use his resources, which means that he will try to buy the best quality product at a lower price. The manufacturer must ensure that his product is cheaper and better quality. Thus, in the struggle between different manufacturers, competition is born. The economy is a tough race, whoever cannot stand this competition loses.

Economics is a complex science, but it studies the processes that happen to people every day. There are a limited number of resources on earth: material resources, minerals, labor opportunities. The main task of economics is to understand how to make a limited amount of resources serve people in the best way.

Bibliography

Kravchenko A.I., Pevtsova E.A. Social Science: Textbook for Grade 7 of Educational Institutions. - 11th ed. - M .: OOO TID "Russian Word - RS", 2009. - 224 p.: ill.
Nikitin A.F., Nikitina T.I. Social science 7. - M.: Bustard.
Lazebnikova A.Yu., Koval T.V., Strelova O.Yu. Social science 7. - M.: Mnemosyne.

Spinform.ru ().
econ.asu.ru ().
Bibliotekar.ru ().

Homework

When did you first encounter economic processes? How are you involved in the economy now?
Do you think a subsistence type of economy could exist now? Write down your findings.
Write an essay on the topic: "Economy in my life."
* Using Internet resources, conduct a study: what cars are most often bought by Russians (several brands)? Consider what factors influence this. How can domestic car sales be improved?