Housing issue. How can the housing problem be solved? "Young Family" - subsidies for the purchase of an apartment

AT surveys about the purchase of their own apartment, like the one given below by Denis, are asked to me with frightening regularity.

This question is extremely difficult and painful, emotionally very strongly charged and acutely facing, without exaggeration to say, ALL people.

Yes, voiced by Denis "Apartment" arithmetic is shocking! After all, just the realization that over the next 20-30 years you will have to live from hand to mouth and deny yourself and your family everything you need ( including in good clothes, delicious food and bright travel-entertainment) - can plunge any person into severe depression for a long time.

So here's the question I got from Denis :

"Medium"salary in our region ( Western Siberia) - 20 t. R./month The cost of a one-room apartment is approximately 1200-1500 thousand rubles. To buy a home, you need to take a bank loan of about 1 million rubles.

If we take for 20 years, then the monthly payments on the loan: 13 tr. It takes about 5-7 thousand rubles for food + travel. There are also utility bills for an apartment: 2-3 tr.

Thus, the minimum "living" expenses are greater than the "average" salary per month and you have to work very hard just to make the mandatory payments and not be hungry.

The situation is exactly the same with renting an apartment.

Question: What advice would you give to an "ordinary" worker whose income is not growing very quickly in order to solve the housing problem?

20 years to lead half-starved existence and be actually "enslaved" by the bank? That is, if everything goes "normally", then by the age of 50 the apartment will finally become "mine".

You can, of course, make an allowance for buying an apartment together, as a family, but then you need to take into account that children will be added, the wife will not work for some time, and food / travel / other expenses will increase proportionally. You can adjust for income growth and inflation. In general, I would like to hear the opinion of an expert on this issue.

Yes, I forgot to add that it is necessary to solve the housing issue, because it is impossible to rent housing for retirement. That is, you can only live in your own apartment and pay utility bills.

Or maybe an expert can offer an alternative way to manage money?

See my video answer to Denis's question - click on the black triangle in the center to watch the video

I voiced several options for solving this PROBLEM in my video answer to Denis ( watch my video above).

I went into more detail and detail about the various working ways to solve any financial problems. Ibid specific step-by-step recommendations are given and tools that have already been tested by many thousands of my students to increase their personal income.

P.P.P.S.

Most people are much stronger than they think. They just forget sometimes to believe in it.

Everything will work out for you!

Mortgages have become indecently expensive, and you can save up for an apartment until old age. How can an ordinary Russian family improve their living conditions and not fall into a debt hole? You can hope for an inheritance, find a third job, or plan to move to a cheaper area. The state is ready to help some citizens with the solution of the housing problem. To do this, there are special programs to subsidize primary, secondary and even rented housing. Who can count on state support and under what conditions?

"Housing for the Russian family" - cheap new buildings

The program "Housing for the Russian family" is designed to create an extensive fund of affordable new buildings. As part of this initiative, in 2014-2017, 25 million sq. m of economy class housing with all the necessary social infrastructure at bargain prices. The cost per square meter of such a “primary building” will not exceed 35 thousand rubles, which is 20-50% lower than the real market prices (depending on the region).

What is required from participants? First of all, a stable income. According to the terms of the program, the mandatory first installment is at least 20% of the cost of the apartment, and in the future the family must be able to properly pay the remaining amount within the period agreed with the developer. However, solvency, unfortunately, is not enough. The state subsidy provides for a number of additional restrictions, which seriously narrow the circle of potential buyers.

The program is designed primarily for working middle-aged Russians (25-40 years old) with children and modest living conditions. This means that the standard for providing housing should not exceed the established 18 square meters. m per family member, and income - the maximum level adopted in a particular region. Can count on:

Families with two children, subject to investment in housing maternity capital
Families with three or more minor children
Families with one child, if the age of the spouses does not exceed 35 years
Residents of houses uninhabitable, to be demolished or reconstructed
Citizens recognized as needing housing
Combat veterans
Civil servants, scientists, military, etc.

One of the serious problems in the implementation of the program is too large a gap between the indicated cost per square meter and the realities of the market. For this reason, in particular, preferential "Housing for the Russian family" in the capital region and million-plus cities is a big question. And in the outback, the pace of construction of budget square meters is still significantly behind the declared ones.

"Young Family" - subsidies for the purchase of an apartment

The federal program "Young Family" is addressed to married couples with children. It differs from the scheme for solving the housing problem of citizens within the framework of "Housing for the Russian Family" by the age of the spouses: both of them must be strictly under 35 years old. In addition, Russians who decide to improve their living conditions under this program can rely not on the mythical "affordable" square meters that the state promises to build, but on a specific cash subsidy for buying an apartment. As planned by officials, this should help with the relocation of more than 170,000 Russian couples. The program operated from 2011 to 2015 and, by decision of Dmitry Medvedev, will be extended until 2020.

In addition to age, there are other requirements for Russians who hope to receive financial assistance from the state:

No more than 15 square meters of living space for each family member
Joint residence of spouses
Sufficient income (min 21,621 rubles for two, min 32,510 for three)
Having at least one child

The family should be recognized as needing better living conditions. To do this, it is not necessary to be registered or in a city queue: it is enough that square meters per person will be less than the norm. However, it is important to understand that officials will take into account not only the property of program participants, but also the living space where they have the right to live on the basis of registration (for example, grandparents' apartments). Also, the right to a subsidy is automatically lost by those whose living conditions have deteriorated in the previous 5 years.

The amount of the subsidy that program participants can count on will not exceed 30% of the total cost of the apartment. Specific figures will depend on the composition of the family: the more people, the more money. For two (a single parent with a child), the state is ready to allocate 600,000 rubles, for three - 800,000 rubles, and for four - up to 1,000,000 rubles. However, what to spend these funds on is a big question.

Given the real prices in the real estate market, the amount is more than modest. It is not necessary to count on the purchase of a liquid apartment in a large city. In addition, at the moment, the terms of the program for 2015 provide for subsidizing only primary housing and prohibit spending the funds received on repaying loans. But there is a possibility that in the future these points will be revised.

Affordable rent - help for those on the waiting list

The authorities are ready to offer special conditions to those citizens who officially need to improve their living conditions and are on the waiting list, but so far cannot save up for a new apartment or afford a mortgage. Within the framework of the state program “Providing affordable and comfortable housing and utilities for citizens of the Russian Federation”, a number of measures are provided for inexpensive rental housing for citizens with a low level of income. However, unfortunately, there is no dedicated federal subprogram for affordable employment, and the conditions for state support depend on the specific region.

For example, the city authorities offer Muscovites, who have been on the city housing line for years, to partially pay the cost of rental property. This allows in practice to make people's lives more comfortable. The waiting list in anticipation of a housewarming party can rent an apartment, and the city reimburses their expenses. True, compensation is only 50% of the average market and Moscow region, and the specific amount of the subsidy will depend on the size of the family. A lone Muscovite is entitled to a living space of 33 sq. m, for two - 36 sq. m, and three - 54 sq. m.

There is one fundamental point in the Moscow program of subsidizing rent for needy citizens. It is important that, agreeing to move to a rented apartment, the person on the waiting list does not lose hope and the right to receive the promised housing from the city in the future, which his family could have been waiting for many years. For example, in St. Petersburg there is a slightly different scheme for the commercial hiring of urban housing stock. There, citizens have the right to cheaply and indefinitely rent property from the city at preferential rates, but in return they will have to give up their place in the queue and forever lose the right to a new apartment from the state.

Buying real estate today without the use of borrowed funds is quite difficult. Prices for apartments not only in Moscow, but also in the regions are quite high compared to the average salary of an average family in Russia. A mortgage is a real way to buy your own home. But how economically justified is it? How to save the family budget for the purchase of an apartment and at the same time not take on long-term loan obligations? This, as well as options for buying an apartment without a mortgage, will be discussed in the article.

Economic feasibility of mortgages in the current situation

The economic reality today is such that solving the housing problem at the expense of only one's own funds is a rather difficult task.

How can you buy your own apartment in Moscow without having a lot of money at your disposal? The most obvious answer is to take out a mortgage.

As a result of a decrease in demand and, as a result, a fall in prices in the market for new buildings, mortgages are becoming relevant again.

A mortgage loan is a long-term banking product that allows you to purchase your own housing using credit funds. A mortgage, like any loan, is issued at a certain annual interest rate and involves monthly payments. With each payment, a part of the principal debt and accrued interest are repaid.

Conditions for buyers this year have improved compared to last year. People who have the money to buy an apartment (or have money for a down payment) expected a decline in real estate prices. Many of them realized that prices had reached a minimum, and such favorable conditions should not be missed. Therefore, the number of purchase and sale transactions increases, and the market revives a little.

How economically profitable is it to take a mortgage loan to buy a home in the current conditions?

To answer this question, you need to understand the purpose for which real estate is purchased with a mortgage. If for the purpose of making a profit and further sale or lease to tenants, then it is rather unprofitable. To make a profit, it is necessary that the income exceeds the investment. Then, for example, in order for the rental of property to become profitable, it is necessary that the rates for rental payments exceed the credit ones. These conditions are not currently met. Approximate market rental rates for ordinary housing today are no more than 5% per annum relative to its price. Mortgage rates are 2 times higher.

Therefore, if we compare the economic feasibility of renting an apartment and acquiring it in a mortgage, then it is still more profitable to rent a house. Again, if you do not take into account that you will pay off the loan for your own housing, and when renting for someone else's. Before the crisis, the situation was different.

If we compare the current conditions of the mortgage with the conditions of last year, then the mortgage today is more attractive. Interest rates under the programs of the Agency for Housing Mortgage Lending are reduced due to the reduction of the key rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. Their size practically corresponds to the pre-crisis level. Given the decrease in the cost of apartments, the amount of mortgage loans has also decreased, and hence the size of monthly payments. Thus, today a loan to buy an apartment is significantly more profitable than before the crisis.

Looking ahead, we can say that a mortgage will become really profitable when prices for real estate purchased today (at a reduced cost) go up again.

How to solve a housing problem without having a lot of money

When there is not enough money even for a down payment, the issue of obtaining a mortgage disappears by itself. Now a very small percentage of banks lend to borrowers without a down payment.

Where in this case to get the money to buy an apartment without a mortgage?

You can ask for a loan from close relatives or, for example, if your parents have a large living space, exchange it for 2 small ones.

But what if you have to rely only on yourself?

Calculated data show that if the level of interest rates on deposits is higher than the average, it will be profitable to set aside part of the money from the salary for the purchase of an apartment every month. However, this option is optimal if it is possible to live, for example, with parents.

Usually, experts advise saving 10% of the family income every month, but this amount will have to be increased to purchase housing.

Consider, using a specific example, whether it is realistic to save up for your own housing without a mortgage

First, let's calculate how mortgage payments will look like if the apartment costs 5 million rubles. and an initial contribution of 1 million rubles.

The table shows the data of the loan calculator for a mortgage loan at a rate of 10% per annum with a term of 10 years. Monthly payment RUB 52,860.29

№	Payment	Interest	Main debt	Balance owed
Total	6342960,2	2342960,2	4000000	4000000
December 2017	52860,29	33969,61	18890,69	3981109,31
January 2018	52860,29	33719,78	19140,52	3961968,8
February 2018	52860,29	31392,65	21467,65	3940501,15
March 2018	52860,29	33375,83	19484,47	3921016,69
April 2018	52860,29	32139,48	20720,81	3900295,87
May 2018	52860,29	33035,29	19825	3880470,87
June 2018	52860,29	31807,14	21053,16	3859417,71
July 2018	52860,29	32689,06	20171,24	3839246,48
August 2018	52860,29	32518,21	20342,09	3818904,39
September 2018	52860,29	31302,49	21557,8	3797346,59
October 2018	52860,29	32163,32	20696,98	3776649,61
…
June 2027	52860,29	2530,03	50330,27	257489,95
July 2027	52860,29	2186,9	50673,39	206816,56
August 2027	52860,29	1756,52	51103,77	155712,79
September 2027	52860,29	1279,83	51580,46	104132,32
October 2027	52860,29	884,41	51975,88	52156,44
November 2027	52585,12	428,68	52156,44	0

Then we calculate how much it will come out if we attribute approximately the same amount to the bank as a deposit at an average rate of 7%. We add the absence of a down payment to the conditions.

It can be seen from the calculations that it is possible to accumulate money with a systematic replenishment of the deposit in 7 years, saving even a little less. But this is only suitable for those people who have the opportunity to wait and not pay for rented accommodation. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that under adverse economic conditions, the inflation rate can devalue savings.

Attention should also be paid to ways to save costs and replenish the family budget.

Economy principles

Regular monitoring of income and expenses. Keep track of how much and what you spend each day. This will allow you to get information about your financial condition, analyze it and find sources of savings. You can keep records on paper, but it is more convenient to use special applications for the phone.
Refusal of bad habits (cigarettes and alcohol). If you calculate, these expenses make up a significant part of the family budget.
Reduce the number of entertainment, trips to restaurants and bars. If it is not possible to reduce them to a minimum, then you can try to take a certain amount of money with you and fit into it.
When going to the grocery store, especially the supermarket, make a specific grocery list and follow it. Take a limited amount of money.
Buy food products at wholesale food bases.
If you're renting at a not-so-cheap price, look for less expensive rentals or, if possible, move in with your parents.
Do an analysis of your family's other expenses. It is possible that some articles could be shortened. For example, change a gym membership to a less well-known and, accordingly, cheaper one.

But savings alone are not enough, you need to think about how to increase family income:

it is worth trying to evaluate your professional skills and abilities and how to get additional income with their help. For example, knowledge of foreign languages will allow you to engage in tutoring, the presence of working skills will allow you to take orders for minor repairs;
studying an additional profession in the presence of free time will also allow you to start receiving additional income upon obtaining an initial qualification;
develop yourself in your main job, try to get a promotion. The higher you climb the career ladder, the higher your salary will be.

Additional income:

The money you put aside should generate income on its own. The easiest way is to put money in a bank account. The average bet is around 7%.
There is also an alternative to deposits - these are various mutual funds, trading on the Forex exchange. They have a high profitability, but also high risks of losing money.
If you have your own car, which you very rarely use, you can rent it to work in a taxi. In this case, it should be borne in mind that the mileage of the car will increase significantly.
There are many other ways to get additional income, it all depends on the skills, ideas and capabilities of a particular person.

Other options for buying a home without a mortgage

In addition to the possibility of using family savings, there are the following options for acquiring housing without using a mortgage:

Take part in government programs to provide affordable housing for Russian citizens. At the moment, there are several housing subsidy programs under which certain categories of Russian citizens can apply for preferential conditions for buying their own housing. These include military personnel, civil servants, young families, young scientists, large and low-income families, veterans of the Great Patriotic War, orphans, etc. To participate, you must meet certain conditions and provide the required package of documents to the authorized body. You can find out about all the nuances of housing subsidies by contacting the territorial body of social protection of the population.
Get a consumer loan. This option is suitable for people who lack 25-30% to buy an apartment. In this case, the rates will be higher and the period will not exceed 5 years, but the purchased apartment can be disposed of at your own discretion.
Collect money for the down payment, buy an apartment in installments from the developer in a house under construction. In a crisis, in order to maintain demand for housing, developers are willing to provide favorable installment terms. For example, YIT gives its shareholders an interest-free installment plan until the end of construction with a first installment of 30%.
Draw up an annuity agreement with a single pensioner or a life-long maintenance agreement with a dependent. In the first case, the renter can apply for a monthly financial assistance in the amount of at least two minimum wages, while household assistance is optional. In the second case, in exchange for an apartment, an elderly person is provided with lifelong care, the purchase of food and medicine. Cons of this option: the contract can be terminated through the court if the pensioner thinks that the conditions are not met. In addition, the term for obtaining an apartment is not defined.
If you own real estate, sell it and buy a new one using maternity capital. Russian families with two or more children apply for maternity capital. You can spend it on improving living conditions after the child reaches the age of three. The amount in 2017 is 453,026 rubles.

There are options for buying an apartment without resorting to a mortgage loan, but they all involve some kind of cost and conditions.

Legal advice:

1. I am 21 years old, disabled childhood. Group 3, could I get some help from the state to improve living conditions?

1.1. Housing for the disabled is provided on a general basis. Exceptions may be if you move on a special tool - a wheelchair and live above the second floor.