Hello dear readers of my blog! Today we will continue the topic of investing and we will study the benefits of investing in IIS... The main thing that attracts investors to IIS is tax incentives, which allows you to get a good additional income. True, there are a number of details in this matter that novice investors at first do not pay attention to. Today we will figure out where it is better to open an individual investment account, by what criteria to choose a company, and consider several the best offers on the market.

Understanding the terminology

The question of what is an individual investment account has a lot in common with a regular brokerage account, it just has tax incentives. Anyone can open it not only a resident of the Russian Federation.

Allocate 2 types of IIS depending on how the investor receives the tax credit:

• type A- in him tax refunded, which the investor paid from his income for a certain period of time. It is more convenient to understand the principle of operation using an example. Suppose your salary is 25,000 rubles, for a year tax of 39,000 is paid on this income (rate 13%). When investing in IIS, you will be compensated for this amount. It should be borne in mind that the maximum investment amount per year from which you can get a deduction is 400,000 rubles, so income is limited to 52,000 rubles. Wherein total amount that can be added to the IIS is limited 1,000,000 rubles / year.
• type B- the difference from the previous one is that the investor does not enjoy tax deduction, that is, no one will compensate him for the taxes paid. On the other hand, there is no tax on profits when the account is closed. So if during the course of the account you are actively reinvesting (this topic is devoted to), then it makes sense to choose this particular type of account. When it is closed, it must be provided reference that the investor did not use the tax deduction.

On a type A account, no one prohibits receiving additional income from working on the stock market, but in this case, 13% of the additional income will have to be paid in the form of tax. To make the most of the advantages of the first type of IMS, it is advisable to invest regularly. As for whether what type of account is preferable, then there is no universal answer. It all depends on the particular investor and on the style of his work. If active work is expected on the stock market, and the expected income exceeds 100% of the invested amount, then it makes sense to use IMS type B.

Investment account insurance

Question safety of funds when investing is always especially acute. If you are worried about IIS - whether your deposit is insured by the state or not, then I have to upset you, deposit insurance is not provided. Now the State Duma is considering options for insuring IIS accounts, but the timing of the adoption of the law and the amount to be insured are not known at the moment.

Since 2015, the procedure has been greatly simplified, so that you can even open an IIS remotely. This has provoked an increase in the number of open accounts of this type in recent years. You can open IIS on one's own through government services. The process takes from strength A couple of minutes.

Where is the best place to open IIS?

You can open IIS:

• from a broker;
• a bank with a brokerage license;
• from the management company.

The practice of opening investment accounts in the world

IIS is not a unique offer for Russia. This practice is widespread in the world, the working conditions differ, as well as the maximum possible investment amounts. For example, in England you can open ISA(individual savings accounts), moreover, you can invest in them up to £ 15,000. V USA there are similar retirement accounts ( IRA), v Canada – RRSP, that is, the registered pension savings plans. Investing risks are small, this explains the popularity of IIS among the population.

What to look for when choosing

The choice can be tricky, especially if you haven’t come across investment accounts before. In the question of where it is better to open an IIS, consider the following factors:

• are you going invest immediately or some time after opening an account... If you plan to do this not at the time of opening an account, but later, then immediately cross out the management companies from the list of applicants. In them, a certain amount must be immediately deposited on the IIS;

• the ability to open an account online... For example, VTB 24 does not provide such an opportunity, so if there is no branch in your city, it will automatically drop out of the applicants;
• minimum amount limit;
• turnover commission;
• monthly fee;
• quality of technical support work... A very important point, especially for beginners. Employees should not float about investing. From this point of view, BCS is out of competition - support works at a high level and the chance to run into a newcomer is extremely small;
• what markets are available for IIS... It all depends on the preferences of the investor; companies have different attitudes towards this issue. For example, in Finam there are no restrictions, but Promsvyazbank does not provide an opportunity to work with the foreign exchange and derivatives markets for IIS;
• offered products and working conditions for them... There are very large differences in these parameters. Some brokers are suitable for investors with small capital, while others, on the contrary, are more focused on depositors with amounts close to the maximum. For instance, VTB 24 offers for deposits from 300,000 rubles the opportunity to use auto-following strategies through a broker, and the broker Opening- twice as many strategies for deposits from 50,000 rubles.

Next, I prepared a small review of the best in my opinion proposals for opening IIS... Not only the working conditions were taken into account, but also the feedback from the contributors. It will help you to save time upon independent study of the conditions provided by the companies.

Finam

The broker makes it possible to open an IIS online. At the same time, the investor gets the opportunity to work for stock, derivatives and currency markets, it is possible to trade on the St. Petersburg and Moscow stock exchanges. Funds are credited to single account, from which the investor gets access to several trading platforms at once.

You can start investing already from 5000 rubles, however, it is difficult to count on a serious income with such an amount, moreover, trading operations will be blocked until the amount of funds on the account exceeds 30,000 rubles... So it is precisely this amount that I recommend focusing on at least. The site has a small online calculator. By entering the estimated investment amount, you can get a recommendation on which is more profitable - to receive a tax deduction or exempt profits from taxes.

At the moment, the commission is the same for any turnover up to 1 million rubles and amounts to 0.0354%. There is auto-follow strategies, the yield depends on the degree of risk.

Commission

A little more detail about commissions:

• stock section MOEX- with a turnover of up to 1 million rubles, the commission is equal to 0,0354% ;
• currency section- with a turnover of up to 1 million rubles 0,0332% ;
• urgent section ( futures and options) – $ 0.45 per contract;
• US stock market- with a turnover of up to $ 17,000, the commission is 0,0354% .

The management company " Finam management". Here, the lower threshold for investing in IIA is already from 300,000 rubles.
Funds are credited to the account without commission from the company, possibly early closure of IIS no interest on the part of the broker. In this case, the deduction from investment income is 10%.

BCS

Offers to open an IIS and invest from 300,000 rubles. You can work with the stock, derivatives and foreign exchange markets, there is access to the Moscow Exchange, there is no access to SPBEXCHANGE. You can open IIS, as in the case of Finam, online. Available margin lending at 14.5% for sales and 17.5% for longs.

Commission depends on the turnover and ranges from 0.0354% for a turnover of up to 1 million rubles to 0.0177% for a turnover of 15 million rubles. It cannot be less than 35.4 rubles per 1 deal. You can choose a tariff option without this limitation, but in this case you will have to work with high percentages. The first month is valid preferential offer, within which the commission is equal to 0.0177% regardless of the achieved turnover. There are other options - you can compare tariffs on the broker's website, but BCS Start is optimal for IIS.

Of the interesting proposals, I will note the possibility investing in notes(ruble and currency). The yield on them ranges from 12.5% ​​to 14.5% per annum, respectively. You can invest in OFZ portfolio or in portfolio of bonds, the yield in this case will be slightly lower.

For work, the web version of Quick or the terminal version for mobile devices is used.

Zerich

The broker makes it possible to open an IIS online. Offered 2 types of investing in IIS:

1. « State reliability". The minimum investment threshold is 30,000 rubles, the investor receives 13% tax deduction + approximately 10% income from investment in bonds... In this tariff, it is assumed that funds are invested in OFZs, an income of 10% on the site is indicated as an approximate value, in reality it may be higher. The maximum investment amount per year is 1 million rubles.
2. « Currency stability". The investor receives the same 13% tax deduction + up to 9.5% of income in foreign currency. In this case, the invested funds are channeled into Eurobonds. Threshold for investment from 100,000 rubles.

Commissions

There is no separate tariff for IIS, within the tariff “ Universal»The commissions are as follows:

• for the stock market- 0.055% of the transaction volume;
• for the foreign exchange market- 0.03% of the transaction volume;
• derivatives market- 0.85 rubles per 1 contract;
• available margin lending, the percentage is calculated according to the formula 9% + market rate, for securities 15%.

One of the requirements of the tariff " Universal» - investments from 100,000 rubles... There are other tariff options, for example, “ Revolving", There is no requirement for the size of the deposit at all. But the commission is also higher, for example, in the foreign exchange market, you will have to pay from 0.075%. This broker has a pretty good implementation, so if you are thinking of starting to work in the stock market on your own, then pay attention to him.

Opening

It stands out against the background of others in that there is no minimum required amount for investing in IIS... After opening and replenishing an account, an investor gets full access to the stock, derivatives and foreign exchange markets, and can work for MYEX. SPBEXCHANGE is not available.

Stands out separate tariff for individual investment accounts... Briefly about working conditions and commissions:

• stocks and bonds- from 0.04 rubles per trade or 0.057% of its volume;
• Eurobonds on MOEX- 0.04 rubles or 0.015%;
• currency market- 1 ruble per transaction or 0.035%;
• available margin lending at 13% for sales and 18.4% for purchases;
• work is being done through QUIK, the cost of monthly access is 250 rubles. This amount is not charged from those clients whose balance in the company is equal to or exceeds 50,000 rubles.

Note that tariffs are given for self-managed IIS... There is another type of tariff, called Model portfolio (IIS), is aimed at those who are going to use the services of analysts, and not trade on their own. Basically, if you are new to the market and do not even know, then it is better to stop at it.

Management company "Otkrytie"

Access to the IIS is also given by the management company OTKRITIE UK LLC, do not confuse it with the broker of the same name. There is no way to open an account online, moreover you can only invest amounts from 50,000 rubles... Investment income fees are up to 15%.

The opening offers several interesting finished products:

• there are options structured products with capital protection, you will need to invest from 250,000 rubles;
• can use one of the strategies with a minimum investment level from 50,000 rubles. Working with them is carried out through a management company;
• I have an opportunity trade on recommendations... In this case, notifications about which bonds to buy on the IIS come in the form of an SMS message to the client's number or to his email.

Unlike brokers who almost compete with their management companies, Otkritie actively cooperates with it. This is evidenced by the fact that the products are implemented through it.

VTB

VTB is inferior to the companies mentioned above in a number of indicators:

• here there is no way to open IIS remotely;
• the client gets access only to the stock and derivatives markets... Moscow and St. Petersburg stock exchanges, as well as the foreign exchange market remain inaccessible;
• commissions are higher than those of competitors.

Let us dwell on commissions separately - for the tariff “ Professional standard»:

• with a turnover of 10 million rubles – 0,02124%;
• 5-10 million rubles – 0,02596%;
• 1-5 million rubles – 0,0295%;
• up to 1 million rubles – 0,0472%.

If you choose " Investor standard", Then the commission does not depend on the turnover and is fixed 0,0413% ... Of the interesting proposals, I can only note a few auto-follow strategies... Work with them is organized through a broker, while on the account you need to have at least 300,000 rubles. Signals will be issued only for Roscompania shares traded on My.

Margin lending conditions- 13% for short positions and 16.8% for long positions. Additionally, the bank charges 0.2% commission, this commission is debited at the end of the trading session. In general, if you plan to trade on one's own, then this is not the best choice of a broker for IIS. "Discovery" looks much better from this point of view.

Alpha Capital

IIS is opened through a management company. This option is interesting because the company ranks first in the number of open individual investment accounts (among management companies). Another argument in its favor is the maximum amount of investors' funds managed by the company.

Now working conditions with IIS:

• you can open an account online, without fiddling with government services, and even more so a personal visit to the company's office;
• you can invest from 10,000 rubles;
• there is 3 robust work strategies... Funds are invested in OFZs, stocks and corporate bonds. Moreover, statistics on them have been conducted since 2015, that is, from the very time when everyone could afford the IIS;
• service cannot be called the most profitable- you will have to pay a total of 4% (2% per annum + 2% of the invested amount).

In principle, everything is simple and straightforward at Alfa Capital Management Company. The most important thing - reliability, from this point of view, it can be classified as a leader. If you are thinking about where it is more profitable to open an IMS in terms of reliability, then it is definitely worth taking a closer look.

Strategies for working with individual investment accounts

You can simply invest the funds allocated for this purpose and simply forget about them for 3 years. But to make the most of money, it’s better to work according to strategy. It will bring maximum financial return.

I will briefly describe several strategies for working with IIS.

1. Shortening of investment terms... Remember that money cannot be withdrawn within 3 years, otherwise we will not receive a tax deduction, and a number of companies may also write off a penalty for early closing an account. But there is loophole, allowing to reduce the period during which money will be unavailable. To do this, you need an IMS of type A (that is, open with a broker). An account is opened, but money is not immediately transferred there. For example, they opened it in January 2017, then in December 2018 (almost 2 years after opening) they introduced 400,000 rubles there, and in March 2019 the state will reimburse 52,000 rubles. At the end of 2019, we again enter 400,000 rubles, get a tax deduction in 2020 and close the account. Eventually money freeze time has been shortened.
2. Selection of a broker who withdraws profit from coupons and dividends to a bank account, card, or another account with the same company. In this case, you can try to make money by buying securities with high dividends. Truth, the risk increases dramatically.
3. IIS for relatives... If there is a lot of money, then we take all family members, and open an IIS for each. We deposit funds and receive a tax deduction.
4. Reinvestment- the tax deduction is immediately deposited into a regular account, and trading is conducted.
5. Long operation of IMS... Until the account is closed, no one will collect income tax. So you don't have to close your account and work peacefully.
6. Small amounts can be deposited regularly and invest in OFZs and shares... A decent amount will come up in a few years.

Whichever strategy you choose - choose your broker carefully... My small IIS rating will help with this.

General issues

In this section, I will briefly try to answer the most common questions IIS related:

• Investment term? From 3 years old.
• Is it possible to early account closure? Yes, but tax deduction or profit tax exemption will be canceled.
• Is it possible to have several IIS? No, one person can only have 1 account.
• How much can you invest? Up to 400,000 rubles, this is the maximum for which the deduction will apply. Despite this, remember that you can deposit up to 1,000,000 rubles per year into your account.
• When can I invest? If an agreement is concluded with a broker, then this can be done immediately after opening an account. It is profitable to open an IIS so that there is always an opportunity to invest free money in it. The three-year period is counted from the date of the conclusion of the contract.
• How to open IIS? Online. If this function is not available, then upon a visit to the broker / MC's office.
• What is the difference between a management company and a broker? The agreement with the management company deals with trust management, and with a broker - about brokerage services.
• Is it possible to transfer IIS from one broker to another? Yes, it is possible.

Summary

If you look at it, for a number of reasons, IIS is more profitable than a simple bank deposit. In the bank, your money will bring you income no more than that specified in the contract, and when working with IIS there is a real chance of getting more.

So my advice to you is to select a broker (preferably from among those considered) and open an IIS. It will not need to be replenished right away, but when free money appears, you can invest it and shorten the freezing time. Remember - the optimal time for investments is December, the tax deduction will need to be issued before 30.04 of the next year for the previous year.

This concludes my brief overview of individual investment accounts. Ask all questions in the comments and do not forget to subscribe to updates on my blog. I promise there will be many more interesting things.

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Starting from January 1, 2015, everyone can open an individual investment account (IIA). The innovation is intended to simplify the life of a private investor. Thanks to this, the stock market will become much more accessible to citizens. In this article, you will learn what an IIS is and what the main advantage of an individual investment account is attracting more and more novice investors to this financial instrument.

IIS is an agreement concluded between an individual and a management company for the purpose of trust management of securities within one account. There was such an opportunity earlier, but since last year it has become more accessible due to changes in some legal acts.

This direction of investment has existed in many countries for many years. It is popular among citizens as a way to increase their retirement savings. For those who are suspicious of the innovation, experts recommend looking at the countries where voluntary savings are the basis of the pension system: the USA, Australia, Hong Kong, Japan, Sweden and others.

The functioning of the IMS is regulated by Federal Law No. 379-FZ of December 21, 2013, which supplemented Chapter 3 of the Law of April 22, 1996 from January 1, 2015. No. 39-FZ "On the Securities Market" Article 103.

According to the innovations, one individual can have only one account, and more than 400,000 rubles a year cannot be deposited into it. A previously opened brokerage account cannot be transformed into an IIS. You can replenish your account only in Russian rubles. Partial withdrawal of funds is impossible... If the investor is not satisfied with the result of the work of a certain broker, he can transfer the account to another. To do this, you need to open a new account with another company and transfer funds to it from the first account within 30 days. In fact, this is the only case when an investor can have two IIA at the same time.

The term of the agreement is considered from the date of its opening, and not from the first replenishment. That is, you can open an account at the beginning of the year, and deposit money at the end, and apply for a tax deduction next year. There is an opinion that amendments to the legislation may soon be made, and the date of the account replenishment will become the point of the report. Therefore, when you open it it is advisable to deposit at least 1 ruble.

The financial results for the IIA and the ordinary brokerage account are not summed up, that is, the loss on the brokerage account is not summed up with the profit on the investment account. If there is a debt on personal income tax that the investor did not pay based on the results of the brokerage account, it can be withheld from the IIA.

The main advantage of an individual investment account is preferential taxation. There are two tax deductions for them: contributions and income. To receive it, you cannot withdraw funds earlier than three years.

Return on investment through IIS

Even if you just place money on an account, then in the first year you can get income up to 52,000 rubles. But it should be noted that this is the maximum possible deduction amount. If an investor invests 400,000 rubles again in the second year, he will not be able to receive more than 52,000 thousand.

IIS is a flexible enough tool... It allows you to invest in all types of assets (with the exception of operations in the Forex market), including:

• Bonds... They bring relatively little income, but also have a low level of risk. This direction is suitable for conservative and cautious citizens. It is advisable to use those persons who are more interested in the tax deduction for contributions.
• Stock... The opposite of the previous tool. They can bring significant returns to the investor, but they carry a high level of risk. It is advisable to purchase shares of large corporations, which have fallen in price at the moment. In the long term, such an investment can bring good returns.
• Futures and options- investment for individuals who are no longer new to the market. It is possible to use trading robots, but their cost is about 100,000 rubles.
• Mutual funds interesting in the long run. Such an investment will be of interest to investors who do not have enough knowledge to place funds on their own.
• Currency... From an investment account, you can pay for the purchase of US dollars, euros, Swiss francs, pounds sterling and others;
• Eurobonds... An actively developing market. In fact, this is investing in an almost risk-free bank deposit, but at a more favorable interest rate.

The profitability of investments directly depends on the profitability of the instruments. Experienced investors prefer to combine a variety of investment methods.

Opening an IIS is similar to a brokerage account. To open an account, you need to contact the office with a passport and a flash card for digital signature. Minors are required to provide written parental consent. The client will also be asked to fill out and sign a questionnaire. The application for opening is written in two copies. One gets the client, the second remains in the company. Also, a request is made for the production of a key certificate for an electronic signature. Money is deposited through the bank.

After registration in the bank, the client receives an agreement, in a brokerage company - an act of joining the brokerage regulations. Also, the investor will receive the details of the account to which the funds must be directly deposited.

After the remote identification of clients of brokerage and management companies has been allowed, an account can also be opened online. In most companies, the service is implemented on the basis of the State Services portal, therefore it is necessary to have an active electronic digital signature. To obtain it, you need to contact one of the offices of the Multifunctional Center. But it should be noted that banks do not serve customers remotely.

How to choose an IIS?

There are two types of investment accounts "A" and "B".

First type (A) makes it possible to receive a refund of personal income tax in an amount that is equal to 13% of the amounts deposited on the IIA. That is, you can return up to 52,000 per year. This type of account has the following restrictions:

1. Refund of personal income tax is possible within 3 years. That is, if the investments were made in 2015, then you can apply to the tax office for a refund only in 2018.
2. After the IIS is closed, 13% of the total amount must be paid to the budget.
3. If the account is closed before the expiration of the three-year period, the tax deduction received earlier will have to be returned to the state.

This scheme is more suitable for citizens who regularly pay personal income tax, for example, in the form of deductions from wages.

To receive a deduction for such an account, the investor must submit a tax return by April 30 of the next reporting year. Also you need to provide the following documents:

• papers that confirm receipt of income from IIS;
• documentary confirmation of the funds actually deposited into the account. Most often, such a document is a certificate from a broker, where the amount is indicated;
• a taxpayer's application for the return of personal income tax with the indication of bank details.

If an individual who has received a tax deduction closes an account earlier, before the expiration of three years, he will have to return the money received, as well as pay tax on the positive financial result of the account.

Option "B" is that the investor is exempted from paying 13% tax upon closing the account. But the condition for obtaining benefits is the same: before three years, the IIS cannot be closed. The role of a tax agent is played by a brokerage company. So that she does not withhold tax when paying money from the account, the investor must provide a certificate from the tax office.

This option is more suitable for active investors who plan to manage the account on their own, as well as for those who do not pay personal income tax on a regular basis.

In case of early closure of the IIA, the investor will pay personal income tax in full.

The actual choice of the type of account occurs in the tax office when the investor applies for a tax deduction. When concluding an agreement or signing an act of accession to brokerage regulations, the client can indicate the type "A" or "B", but this does not oblige him to anything. Before contacting the tax office, you can change your mind. But then it is no longer allowed to change the account type.

The wrong choice of receiving a tax deduction can lead to additional losses for the investor. For example, he may choose the second option, but receive losses on the date of closing the account.

Investor behavior options

There are three options for investor behavior: speculator, passive or active investor.

• For speculators IIS makes it possible to increase your capital by returning personal income tax in the amount of 52,000 rubles. They tend to take short-term trades and use many different instruments. Also, speculators use the broker's margin lending.
• Active investors within the framework of the work of IIS, a large number of assets and investment instruments are used. They can sell securities at any time without paying taxes.
• Passive investor with the help of IIA, it can rebalance the portfolio without paying taxes, include foreign assets in the portfolio. Such an account allows you to create an analogue of the MICEX index, but this requires a large amount of investment.

Types of IIS management for a novice investor

The best option for a novice investor- transfer of account management to an experienced broker or management company. Experienced specialists will select profitable assets themselves.

You can also use services for copying deals. With their help, the investor can successfully manage the account himself, copying the behavior of experienced clients.

Pros and cons of IIS

As mentioned earlier, the main advantage of such accounts is the ability to receive a personal income tax deduction, which increases the investor's net profit. In addition, we can also note additional pluses:

• the possibility of profitable investment with minimal investment;
• the account can be replenished an unlimited number of times, but within the maximum allowable amount;
• the ability to change the company in which the IIS is open;
• investment instruments are not limited compared to a regular brokerage account.

Despite their attractiveness, such investment accounts also have disadvantages:

• Lack of government guarantees. IIS, even if it was opened through a bank, is not subject to the deposit insurance system.
• Funds can only be invested within the Russian investment market.
• The minimum investment period is 3 years. This limitation discourages newbies who are not ready to invest for such a long time.
• Annual investment restrictions - 400,000 rubles. This is stopping big investors.
• Money cannot be withdrawn partially. If the investor wants to cash out part of the investment, the account will have to be closed.

Many financial market experts believe that the introduction of ISS during a downturn in the economy makes it a very dangerous way of investing. The state of the economy leads to a fall in the value of securities, and not to growth.

Planning the use of ISS

Before opening an account, you should decide on the answers to the following questions:

1. The maximum investment period. Will the IIS work be limited to three years or is it a longer term of 10-15 years.
2. The presence of an investment strategy. In general, they can be divided into three lines of behavior: speculator, active or passive investor.
3. What is the purpose of opening an account. IIS can be opened as a supplement to a brokerage account, instead of a bank deposit, to optimize taxation.
4. Do you plan to carry out transactions independently?

What is more profitable: IIS or bank deposit?

Comparing these two financial instruments according to certain parameters, you can get the following picture:

• The deposit can be both short-term and long-term. The depositor chooses the term himself, which can start from one month. Money from the IIS can be withdrawn only after three years. Both versions of the agreement can be terminated early, but then there will be no income or there will be minimal income (in the case of IIS, this is a tax deduction).
• Bank deposit income is clearly defined. Interest rates on it are now at such a level that it is not a question of making a profit, but of preserving funds from inflation. Potentially, the income from an investment account can be much higher, but there is a risk of losing your investment.
• The risk of losing funds deposited on the IIA is higher than losing those in the deposit account, since the former do not fall under the deposit insurance system. But this risk can be significantly reduced by choosing a conservative strategy of behavior and investing, for example, in government bonds.
• From the point of view of tax optimization, IIS wins here, since no deductions on the deposit are provided.
• The deposit requires a minimum of time. An investor just needs to choose a bank and open an agreement. IMS can also be opened with minimal time costs, if you entrust its management to an experienced specialist. If the investor plans to independently manage it, he will have to constantly monitor the market situation.

Thus, there is no clear advantage of this or that investment method. So their simultaneous use is advisable... This will help reduce the risk.

Management and brokerage companies open and maintain individual investment accounts. You can also open an account with a commercial bank. This requires only a passport.

For an experienced investor who has sufficient knowledge, has time to regularly monitor the stock market and can make decisions on his own, it is better to open an IIS in a brokerage company.

For a beginner investor it is better to contact the management company. Its specialists will professionally manage the money of the owner of the IIS.

An additional advantage of choosing in favor of a management company is the ability to place funds on a deposit. If an investor is interested in just such a direction, then it is impossible to open an account with a brokerage company. It is worth remembering that no more than 15% of the amount on the account can be placed on the deposit.

A professional participant (broker or management company), after opening an account, the client is sent to the tax notification on the opening of the IIS no later than 3 days. Thus, at the time of filing an application for the payment of personal income tax deduction, the tax office will already have information about the presence of an account with the taxpayer.

In some companies there are time limits after the date of opening an account, during which it is necessary to deposit at least a minimum amount of funds.

You cannot open multiple accounts in different companies... Perhaps the intermediary will not refuse to open it, but the tax office will receive several notifications in fact, and the investor will not receive a tax deduction at all.

Among the brokers that are well represented in the regions are FINAM, OPENING, BCS. KIT Finance, ATON, ALOR and others are no less popular, but with a smaller retail network. Also, banks operate on the market, which in their structure have divisions dealing with asset management (mainly investing in mutual funds). These banks include Sberbank (Sberbank Asset Management CJSC), VTB (VTB Capital), Alfa-Bank (Alfa-Capital Management Company), etc.

Almost all companies provide an opportunity to either independently carry out operations in the stock market, or offer clients ready-made investment strategies with different levels of profitability and risk. Ready-made behavior strategies can be roughly divided into the following groups:

1. Conservative: government bonds are mainly purchased.
2. Moderate: the portfolio contains bonds of Russian giant corporations.
3. Aggressive: Investments in a variety of Russian companies.
4. Funds, including mutual funds and Eurobonds.
5. Structural: investments in options and bonds.

Companies also differ in the amount of entry. Usually the size of the minimum investment starts from 10,000-30,000 rubles.

When choosing a broker, you should pay attention to the following points:

• Broker reliability. It is worth choosing a company with a rating of at least AAA.
• The presence of a subscription fee for maintaining an individual investment account. There are brokers who do not charge it.
• The presence and size of commissions for transactions, as well as the size of the minimum deposit, which will allow you to quickly start working on the exchange. A beginner should look for a broker with a small threshold of entry.
• Possibility of registration of an EDS. Otherwise, each operation will have to be documented and the originals will have to be constantly sent to the company's office.

Restrictions

In Russian legislation, there are some restrictions on opening accounts for certain categories of citizens. According to the Federal Law "On the State Civil Service of the Russian Federation", a civil servant, as well as his spouse and minor children have no right to open accounts and keep cash in banks outside the Russian Federation. Therefore, an investment account opened with a Russian bank or a brokerage company can become an additional investment option. But at the same time, independent account management can be limited by a conflict of interest. According to the same Federal Law, if the possession of any assets by a civil servant leads or may lead to a conflict of interest, he is obliged to transfer them to trust management. ...

Thus, we can conclude that individual investment accounts are an interesting product that can be suitable for different segments of the population. At the current stage, they may lose to bank deposits. To attract more investors, it is necessary to offer them products with higher profitability and minimum commissions.

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VTB Bank (PJSC) (VTB Bank). General license of the Bank of Russia No. 1000. License of a professional participant in the securities market for brokerage activities No. 040-06492-100000, issued on March 25, 2003.

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How and where is the best way to open an individual investment account (IIA) in 2019?

Many outstanding entrepreneurs have repeatedly spoken out about such a useful thing as long-term investments. For example, Warren Buffett, who heads Berkshire Hathaway, constantly talks about this in his regular letters to the company's shareholders. John Bogle, the legendary creator of the Vanguard Group, says the same thing.

For a layman, this is of significant importance, since he is especially at risk of losing funds on the exchange if he starts to engage in intraday transactions on it.

Russians have an excellent tool, which is an individual investment account. Such is placed with a brokerage service - which, in turn, helps an individual (subject to certain restrictions on the part of the latter) to make serious profits due to tax incentives.

The domestic market first saw such a mechanism in 2015, the reason for this was the update of the legislation on the stock market along with updates to the Tax Code of the country.

It is important to know about IIS

An account can only be created by a private trader, either with a brokerage company or directly with a bank. From the requirements - taxation on the territory of the Russian Federation (presence in the country from 183 days a year). Moreover, there is a rule: one account - one individual.

Which brokerage company is the best to open an investment account with? Check out the rating of the best brokers in Russia in 2017.

The account itself is not limited in time, but in order for tax incentives to be applied, it is necessary to maintain a minimum investment period, the value of which is 3 years and which starts from the day of signing the agreement.

The account is allowed only in rubles, and within 12 months you can replenish it for an amount of no more than 1 million rubles, although until 06/18/17 the limit was 400 thousand rubles. It is not necessary to replenish the IIS additionally annually. However, it is unacceptable to withdraw some of the funds back.

You should also remember about banking and brokerage fees for working with securities.

IIS tools

At the same time, any investment options are possible that are applicable on the leading Russian trading floors in Moscow and St. Petersburg. This:

• shares of Russian and foreign companies;
• bonds of municipalities, corporations, sovereigns;
• currency;
• share of mutual funds;
• derivative methods (option, futures trading, etc.).

It should be noted that some brokers and banking institutions do not allow working with a number of instruments, issuers, etc. The full list of supported investment methods can be obtained from the broker.

IIS and tax deduction

The main advantage of the account is the return on part of the investment, which ultimately increases profitability. Moreover, for the owners of IIS, 2 types of tax preferences are provided.

Deductionfor a contribution

In this situation, an individual is provided with a 13% refund of the amount that was credited in the previous year, but its largest amount is limited to 130,000 rubles.

Important: a deduction is possible when the investor has declared profit for the previous period (that is, there has been a tax payment), and the maximum refund cannot be more than the tax amount.

If less than 3 years have passed since the opening of the IIS, its replenishment, the submission of an application for a refund and its subsequent receipt, the law obliges the investor to return the funds to the state.

If the investor closes the account, then 13% tax will be withheld from the profit received.

Deductionon income

Such a deduction exempts an individual from taxation in the form of personal income tax from the amount of all incomes credited in the course of transactions with IIA. The law provides for the application of the deduction without the obligatory possession of other taxable profits.

An individual can count on such a return only after 3 years from the date of creation of the IIS. If it is closed earlier than 3 years from the date of its formation, the state will withhold personal income tax in the amount of 13%, similar to the scheme for a brokerage account.

It is important to take into account all the nuances and details of investment when choosing the type of deduction, including the method of investment and the tax rate on income. Let's say personal income tax does not apply to coupon payments and domestic government bonds. In the case of purchasing OFZ, for example, you can get a refund on the contribution.

Obtaining a tax deduction

If we are talking about a deduction for replenishment (contributions), the investor applies to the tax authorities in the year following the one in which the replenishment was made. In this case, it is necessary to confirm the contributions with a 3-NDFL declaration, attaching the following documents to it:

• confirmation of receipt of last year's profit with a tax rate of 13% (for example, a certificate 2-NDFL from the organization in which the individual works);
• confirmation of the creation of an IIS and crediting funds to it (may be provided by a broker);
• application for a refund, for this you will need to indicate bank details.

If a deduction for income is meant, then an individual must, upon termination of the contract, give the bank or broker a certificate from the tax authorities that there have been no cases of receiving deductions for replenishment.

Thus, the bank (or the broker) will not be able to pay the money with the withholding of 13% personal income tax.

This year, the system of individual investment accounts turns three years old, which means that the pioneers who opened IIS in 2015 will very soon be able to withdraw funds from them without losing tax deductions. In addition, December is the best time to do so, since tax deductions are due in the year following the year the account was opened.

Russians have the opportunity to open IIS since January 1, 2015, when the state decided to attract a private investor to the stock market and make long-term investment more affordable for ordinary citizens. Investors should be encouraged by a tax deduction system that makes an individual investment account extremely beneficial for beginners.

Let's remind that IIS by its nature is an ordinary brokerage account, which, nevertheless, has a number of features:

• An individual can only have one individual account.
• The maximum amount of replenishment of the IIA per year is 1 million rubles. The tax deduction is provided from the amount of 400,000 rubles.
• The IIS agreement is concluded for a period of at least three years. If the investor closes the account earlier, it will be necessary to return the tax deductions to the budget. At the same time, it is possible to transfer IIS from one broker (MC) to another.
• Only money can be entered into the IIS.

Today, there are a number of restrictions on the acquisition of assets on the IIA:

• The purchase of foreign securities is allowed only at organized auctions of the Russian trade organizer.
• In the case of depositing funds in credit institutions, which are on the IIS DU, the amount of such deposits cannot exceed 15 percent of the amount of funds transferred under the specified agreement at the time of such placement
• In accordance with the Terms of Issue and Circulation, it does not allow the purchase of federal loan bonds for individuals (“people's” OFZs).

- the implementation of the mechanism is vigorously discussed

- are introduced, which can be combined with IIS.

IIS market today

№	Company name	Number of accounts
1	PJSC Sberbank	101 610
2	FINAM JSC	43 502
3	Otkritie FC Bank Group	39 490
4	LLC "BCS Company"	36 697
5	VTB	16 776
6	LLC "UK" Alfa-Capital "	9 653
7	LLC "ATON"	9 326
8	PJSC "Promsvyazbank"	5 784
9	Bank GPB (JSC)	4 051
10	LLC FC "RGS Investments"	3 522
11	LLC "ALOR +"	2 202
12	KIT Finance (LLC)	1 881
13	JSC IC "ZERICH Capital Management"	1 678
14	Surgutneftegazbank CJSC	731
15	LLC IC "Septem Capital"	659
Other bidders		4 875
Total		282 437

According to the Moscow Exchange, as of December 1, 2017, 282,437 individual investment accounts were opened. Thus, 87220 IIS were opened in 2017. In 2016 - 106 310. In 2015 - 88 907. As you can see, 2016 was the most productive year.

Today, the leader in the opening of IIS is PJSC "Sberbank" - on its account more than a third of all open IIS on the market. According to the rating of the Moscow Exchange, 85% of all open IIA accounts for five operators: Sberbank PJSC, FINAM JSC, Otkritie FC, BCS Company LLC and VTB.

The number of IIS in November increased slightly - by only 3.3 thousand. At the same time, an interesting pattern can be observed: the number of accounts at Sberbank has grown by 5.4 thousand, while the number of accounts at Otkrytie has decreased by almost 3 thousand. It can be assumed that the situation with the Otkrytie group of companies played an important role in this process.

Today, the ISS opening service is offered by several dozen brokers and management companies. Consider their offers and rates.

IIS brokers' offers

You open an individual investment account with a broker or a management company. The difference here will be that brokers offer independent account management, while the management company only offers trust management.

Self-management implies certain skills in the market, the ability to navigate the signals, understand the tools. On the one hand, it may seem that brokers' clients are extremely experienced investors. However, most brokers can offer ready-made investment products - that is, the portfolio is formed based on your preferences, expectations and risk appetite. You will be offered one or another set of tools that suits your requirements. But you make the decision on investments on your own.

Management companies conclude a trust management agreement with the investor, after which the investor's active role ends. After the conclusion of the agreement, the funds on the account are managed by the manager - a qualified financial specialist.

At the same time, both brokers and management companies can offer. The choice of the account management form is a purely individual matter. In addition, do not forget that you can transfer IIS from one broker to another at any time.

So, the main offers of brokers for opening IIS

Broker	Number of open IIS	Tariff name	Opening IIS online	Minimum amount	Accrual of interest on the cash balance of the account
PJSC "Sberbank"	101 610	Independent	No	No	No
JSC IC "FINAM"	43 502	Day	Yes	No	½ the key rate of the Bank of Russia
OTKRITIE BROKER JSC	39 490		Yes	No	No
LLC Company "BCS"	36 697	BCS-Start	Yes	No	No
VTB 24 (PJSC)	16 776	Investor Standard	No	No
ATON LLC	9326	Starting	No	1000	No
Kit Finance LLC	1881	IIS Trader	Yes	10 000	No

Brokerage direction PJSC "Sberbank" demonstrates steady growth in open IIS. Despite the fact that the broker has no special special offers. Most recently, connecting to the Internet trading program cost Sber 850 rubles a year, and only this fall the broker made Quik access free. Meanwhile, Sberbank is one of the few market participants who offers the withdrawal of bond coupons to a bank account, bypassing the IIA.

JSC IC "FINAM" traditionally pleases with an additional bonus - it charges ½ of the key rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on the client's cash balance on the account. In addition, Finam launched the "Super IIS" campaign, the participants of which, by replenishing or opening an IIS in December, receive a number of bonuses.

Finam also has ready-made strategies for IIS.

Comon is a well-established auto-repeat service - it is a service that automatically executes signals in accordance with the strategy chosen by the user. The amounts for connecting strategies are very different - there is an entrance for 50,000 rubles, and there are from one million. It is better to check the commissions and detailed conditions for connecting to the strategy with the company's consultants in each specific case.

Clients " Opening Broker " can choose an investment product on the IMS that best suits the target investment period, the level of expected profitability and risk. Thus, by choosing “Self-management of IIS”, an investor can, at his own discretion, choose instruments and form a portfolio, determine the investment horizon and the risk / return ratio. Trading according to recommendations within the framework of the products "Savings IIS", "Independent IIS" and "Profitable IIS" is suitable for investors who do not have a sufficient level of experience or time to invest on their own. For those who are ready to entrust the management of their own capital to a professional manager, Otkritie Broker offers a wide range of products. Having chosen ready-made portfolios, keep in mind that the minimum entry amount is 50,000 rubles.

LLC "Company" BCS " also organizes a promotion for those who open or replenish IIS in December. By replenishing the IIA in the amount of 400,000 rubles, the investor gets a chance to double the tax deduction.

Kit Finance LLC offers both independent trading and the Kit-robot service on the IMS, within which an algorithm that can trade shares of the largest Russian companies from the first and second echelons "catches" trend movements in the market, placing orders at the right time and for the right amount from the initial capital

Brokers' commissions

Broker commission for providing access to the exchange... Usually set as a percentage of the customer's turnover (percentage of the transaction amount or daily turnover). Most often, with an increase in turnover, the commission percentage decreases. In some cases, the broker can set a fixed commission (for example, at least 34 rubles per day). The commission is charged for the day or for the month in which at least one transaction took place. Accordingly, if there were no transactions, the commission is not charged.

Account management fee... Brokers and management companies may charge flat fees for maintaining an account. The amount is charged regardless of whether the transactions were made or not. But more often than not, there is no commission for maintaining an account with brokers.

In addition, there are a number of brokerage services for which a commission may be charged: commission for crediting and withdrawing money from an account, commission for margin lending. Services for the provision of documents, SMS-informing, etc. can be paid.

Depositary commission... It is considered separate from the brokerage. It is usually debited if there is a movement on the client's account once a month, regardless of the number of transactions. As a rule, the depositary's commission is on average 100-200 rubles per month.

Separately, you need to keep in mind the commission of the Moscow Exchange. When selling or buying shares, 0.01% of the package value is charged, but not less than 3 kopecks per transaction.

We consider the rates of brokers for IIS only for the stock market. The frequency of trades is consistent with the type of conservative investor, not the aggressive trader.

Broker	Tariff name	Brokerage commission	Subscription fee	Payment for access to the Internet trading program	Comments (1)
PJSC "Sberbank"	Independent	0.006% -0.165% of the turnover per trading day	–	Quik for iPhone, Android free
JSC IC "FINAM"	Day	0.00944% -0.0354% rate for one executed client's order	177	iQUIK RUB 350 per month WebQUIK RUB 350 HFT TSLab 4,000 rubles. per month	The size of the broker's commission for the execution (partial execution) of one client's order is at least 41 rubles. 30 kopecks
OTKRITIE BROKER JSC	Self-management of IIS	0.057% regardless of the volume of the transaction, but not less than 0.04 rubles per transaction	200 rubles per month for accounts below 50 thousand rubles	250 rubles the fee is not charged by the Broker if the value of all the Client's portfolios as of the last Business Day of the Reporting Month is 50,000 (Fifty thousand) rubles or more
LLC "BCS"	BCS-Start	0.0177% -0.0354% of daily turnover	354 per month or 35.4 on the day of the transaction	QUIK is free if the total cost of assets is more than 30,000 rubles or a brokerage commission of more than 300 rubles is paid per month. In other cases - 300 rubles, reduced by the amount of the brokerage commission
VTB 24 (PJSC)	Investor Standard	0.0413% of turnover per day		Connecting applications for mobile communication devices (PocketQUIK, iQUIK, iQUIK-HD, QUIK-Android and similar QUIK applications) RUB 2900 Subscription fee 290 rubles
ATON LLC	Starting	From 0.17%
KIT Finance LLC	IIS Trader	from 0.1% of the transaction amount	200	WebQUIK 193 rubles

Since management companies offer not only access to the exchange, but also professional capital management, you conclude a trust management agreement with them, and acquire ready-made strategies. If you are not ready to make decisions on your own, but are quite willing to trust the professionals, take a closer look at the proposals of the management companies.

IIS from management companies

It is worth noting that often both brokers and management companies belong to the same financial family, while being completely different, even competing organizations. A classic example: the brokerage business of Sberbank and Sberbank Asset Management, Otkritie Broker and Otkritie MC. Each holding has its own strategy in working with IIS.

In addition to the commission for opening and maintaining an account, management companies may incur expenses in the performance of their duties. Expenses are deducted from the property on the IIS account in the amount of actual expenses. These costs include:

• registration fees and other fees charged upon re-registration of ownership of securities under management, paid in favor of registrars and depositories,
• remuneration of depositories / registrars for maintaining custody accounts / personal accounts on which securities under management are accounted for,
• commission fees of trading systems, exchange platforms,
• remuneration of brokers attracted by the manager to conclude transactions with securities with monetary funds constituting the property of the founder of the management,
• expenses for notarization of documents for opening the necessary accounts under the contract,
• commissions paid by the manager for the transfer by the founder of the management of funds into trust management under the agreement, by payment by bank card,
• expenses associated with the transfer of the property of the founder of the management to management and with its return from management,
• other documented expenses incurred by the manager when managing the property under the contract

Management Company	Minimum opening / replenishment amount	Number of strategies	Online opening of IIS	Reward Of the Criminal Code
LLC UK "Alfa-Capital"	10 000/10 000	3	Yes	2% deposited + 2% per annum of assets
	50 000/10 000	2	Yes	1% of deposited + 2% per annum of assets. If online, 1% will not be charged
LLC UK "Otkrytie"	50 000/15 000	8	Yes	Minimum cost from 1% per annum (bond strategies)
LLC IC "QBF" (QBF)	300,000 / any	3	No	1.Remuneration for management will be 1-1.5% 2. Reward for success 5-10%
LLC "UK" Finam Management "	100,000 / any	10	No	1. Fixed, from the average NAV, including VAT - 2% 2. From investment income - 15%

LLC UK "Alfa-Capital" offers three strategies with different investment objectives and, accordingly, indicators. All three strategies are united by the fact that the funds are invested in the assets of Russian issuers.

V Sberbank Asset Management JSC you can choose one of two strategies - ruble or dollar. Particular attention should be paid to the fact that the remuneration of the management company changes depending on whether you opened an IIS online or in the office (spoiler: opening an IIS online is cheaper).

LLC UK "Otkrytie" represents a wide range of conservative, aggressive and moderate strategies, but is modestly silent about the amount of his remuneration. The amount of remuneration of the Criminal Code consists of three variables, each of which is calculated using a formula.

LLC IC "QBF" (QBF). Management companies traditionally develop trading strategies for IIS. Within the framework of the investment account, QBF offers several strategic directions: the bond strategy "My safe (IIS)", a strategy based on investment in shares, "Golden section (IIS)", "Maximum protection (IIS)". Also, within the framework of an individual investment account, an investor can purchase mutual funds "QBF Eurobonds" and "QBF Real Estate" under the management of QB "QBF Asset Management". Note that all the strategies offered on the IIS are also available on a regular brokerage account. Nevertheless, the difference in tariffs and conditions is obvious. The minimum threshold for entering a product under trust management "Maximum Protection" on a regular brokerage is 1,000,000 rubles (versus 300,000 rubles for an IMS).

The manager's remuneration in the Maximum Protection product here also consists of two parts, one of which is doubled: management remuneration - 1.5% and success remuneration - 10%.

Comparing the terms for the same product, you can see that an individual investment account designed for novice investors has significant advantages.

LLC "UK" Finam Management " offers 10 versatile strategies available on IIS, which gives a significant advantage, since the client can receive a profit one by one, fix the result and switch to a more relevant product.